Abstract: The process of polishing semiconductor materials such as silicon with a silica sol-amine combination is improved by selecting an alkanolamine as the amine. The alkanolamine can be added in higher proportions than the prior art suggests while maintaining a stable colloidal dispersion. The silica sol-alkanolamine combination can be diluted to extremely low silica contents while exhibiting a high pH and efficient polishing of silicon metal wafers.

Abstract: Zeolite of a small controlled particle size has been found to be a pigment component to be used with TiO.sub.2 in papermaking. Zeolite A wherein the sodium has been at least partially replaced with calcium and/or hydronium ion is widely useful with TiO.sub.2 in papermaking.

Abstract: Polymer systems can be rendered flame retardant by adding a source of halogen and particles of antimony pentoxide that have been dried from colloidal dispersions that have been treated with certain metal ions. The properties of the polymer are conserved when the colloidal dispersion is treated with ions of metals that have insoluble antimonates before drying to form a powder.

Abstract: A combination of two distinct amorphous silicas, one having a moisture content of 30% or greater and one having a moisture content of below 30%, and each further characterized by particular properties of surface area, pore volume, pore size and particle size, is used to chillproof beer (as well as other fermented or unfermented beverages) by removing chill haze precursors therefrom.

Abstract: Self-warming personal care products such as lotions, creams and pastes can be prepared using Zeolite A that contains both sodium and potassium.

Abstract: Inorganic chill-proofing and other agents that are used to process stable beer often contain metals such as iron and copper that are soluble in beer or other beverages. A small addition of magnesium silicate added to said chill-proofing agents, particularly silica hydrogel, substantially averts metal contamination in the beer.

Abstract: Hollow microspheres of reduced surface energy and reactivity and of improved packing and sphericity are prepared by simultaneously forming said microspheres and reacting them with an organosilicon compound. The microspheres are prepared by spray drying a solution of alkali metal silicate and a "polysalt." The organosilicon is present as the microspheres are formed, penetrates and reacts to form a shell consisting of a silicate, polysalt and the organosilicon compound. The resulting product is more discrete, more free-flowing, has better packaging characteristics, improved packing factor and improved filler properties when compared to prior-art microspheres.

Abstract: Alkali metal silicates and zeolites can be agglomerated to form granules that are of particular value in detergents. These agglomerates are formed when hydrated alkali metal silicate particles are tumbled with hydrated zeolites of small particle size while moisture and then heat are introduced to achieve granulation. The product is a free-flowing granular material has numerous desirable characteristics for detergents.

Abstract: Polymers that are stable under aqueous conditions of high ionic strength are combined with non-fused, silicate based microspheres that are modified with multivalent metals but not washed or dried, said microspheres being present as filters.

Abstract: Inorganic chill-proofing and other agents that are used to process stable beer often contain metals such as iron and copper that are soluble in beer or other beverages. A small addition of magnesium silicate added to said chill-proofing agents, particularly silica hydrogel, substantially averts metal contamination in the beer.

Abstract: Non-fused hollow glass microspheres that consist primarily of silicate are rendered more water-resistant by treatment with multivalent metals. The hollow microspheres are slurried with water and then a solution of a multivalent metal salt such as Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 is added to the slurry. The rate of the addition is controlled so that the pH can be regulated. Separating, washing and drying complete the preparation.

Abstract: A combination of an acidic functional polymer and zeolite and/or amorphous alumino silicate provides a gel suitable as a cosmetic vehicle plus supplying functionality as well. The components combine easily to provide a creamy gel that is compounded with other ingredients to provide the complete cosmetic composition. The zeolite or amorphous alumino silicate is present in a sufficient quantity to provide functionality as well as the desired rheology. The combination can be used to compound astringent creams or lotions, make-up bases, facial masks, deodorant compositions, antiperspirants, anti-acne compositions, wrinkle smoothers or erasers, pore minimizers, and body lotions. An especially useful zeolite or amorphous alumino silicate is a material that contains aluminum as the cation.

Abstract: A method for binding particulate materials which involves mixing the particulate material with a solution containing lithiumions, blending sodium silicate into the mixture and subsequently shaping the mixture to the desired form and curing same by microwave radiation.

Abstract: Silicas that provide improved abrasive action when incorporated in dentifrice compositions can be prepared by dehydrating a silica hydrogel to a low water content and then reintroducing water to gel. The silica hydrogel is prepared by neutralizing a sodium silicate with an acid. This hydrogel is dried by any convenient method so that the gel contains about 15% water or less. This dried gel is rehydrated to about 30% or more. The rehydrated gel provides improved abrasion values over the prior art xerogels and hydrogels.

Abstract: Non-fused hollow glass microspheres that consist primarily of silicate are rendered more water-resistant by treatment with multivalent metals. The hollow microspheres are slurried with water and then a solution of a multivalent metal salt such as Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 is added to the slurry. The rate of the addition is controlled so that the pH can be regulated. Separating, washing and drying complete the preparation.

Abstract: Flaked or plate-like materials that contain silicate were found to be useful as bases for the manufacture of defoaming compositions. Hollow microspheres with largely siliceous surfaces are crushed to form flaked fragments which are rendered hydrophobic by coating with a silane or silicone. The hydrophobized fragments are then dispersed in a water insoluble organic liquid to complete preparation of the defoamer. Especially useful are hollow microsphere fragments containing sodium silicate and a polysalt.

Abstract: Silane-Zeolite composites are incorporated into phosphate free detergents as builders. The use of such composites allows compositional improvements and results in certain process advantages when compared to detergents utilizing plain zeolites as phosphate replacements. Hydrated zeolites which have been treated with functionally hydrophilic silanes do not agglomerate during incorporation into detergents. In addition, use of the silane-zeolite composite allows use of increased amounts of both the zeolite and silicate solids as builders in detergents.

Abstract: A binder system useful in formulating coatings for glass, metal, wood and especially light diffusive coatings for glass light bulb envelopes is disclosed. Excellent coatings can be formed using a binder system comprising dispersible colloidal particles of alumina and finely divided, precipitated silica. When a stable dispersion of these two materials is combined properly with a pigment and/or filler system and then dried upon a glass, metal or wood surface, a tough, continuous, tightly adhering coating is formed. By using the correct pigments, a light diffusive coating for light bulb envelopes can be formed.

Abstract: Zeolite NaA can be produced with a very short crystallization time, if an alumino-silicate gel of particular properties is prepared and heated at about 95.degree. C. The gel which is prepared by combining solutions of sodium aluminate and sodium silicate must contain a limited amount of water, be of a single phase and having a high viscosity. Gels of this nature can be heated for a fraction of an hour to yield essentially completely crystallized Zeolite NaA with no crystalline impurities.

Abstract: Hydrophilic, silane-zeolite compositions, their preparation, properties and applications are disclosed. These unique composites are formed by condensing a hydrophilic silane onto the surface of a hydrated zeolite. The properties of the silane-zeolite composite are surprisingly similar to those of the zeolite without the surface modification of the silane. These composites are useful in numerous applications of zeolite, particularly in aqueous environments. The composites are particularly suited to be included in detergent compounds as the builder since they do not agglomerate with other detergent ingredients as do zeolites.