Abstract: A two step sulfur removal comprising a mild hydrotreating step followed by an extraction step reduces the sulfur content in gasoline to a very low level without significantly reducing the octane of the gasoline.

Abstract: An esterification process and the products resulting from it which achieves a mixture of secondary esters which are effectively used with invert drilling muds, the process involving the addition of one or more C1-C5 carboxylic acids and one or more C3-C22 olefins in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A peroxide treated LLPDE material that can used as a geomembrane liner in land areas storing toxic waste, municipal landfills, leachate or slurry ponds, and other such land containment applications as well as applications in which a strong, non-biodegradable material which is impermeable to air and moisture is needed.

Abstract: An injection method for feeding a particulate material to a process vessel, including a valve with at least one cavity adapted for receipt of a predetermined volume of particulate and a sweep stream source for providing a sweep stream having flow in a direction generally toward the valve to remove substantially all of the particulate from the cavity of the valve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of using nickel alumina catalyst to isomerize linear alpha olefins substantially completely to linear internal olefins with no significant increase in branch internal olefin content.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrocarbon product using a catalyst prepared from an ultra-stable Y-type zeolite having a silica/alumina ratio from about 27 to about 33 with the free acid sites passivated using a basic nitrogen-containing compound. The hydrocarbon product shows improved selectivity for jet fuel.

Abstract: Specific toxicants are selectively removed from aqueous waste streams associated with the production of petroleum and petroleum products by contacting such aqueous waste streams with a non-ionic macroreticular polymeric resin having a low to intermediate surface polarity. The toxicants are a group of structurally-related organic molecules containing at least one carboxylic acid group and having a molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 400. These molecules are toxic to certain indicator species of fish at concentrations of less than 10 parts per billion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gravity settler for separating finely divided solids such as coal fines from a liquid such as a mixture of coal oil and agglomerating agent by agglomeration. A feed slurry comprising finely divided solids and a liquid mixture of product oil and an agglomerating agent is discharged into a specially shaped duct which promotes formation of agglomerated solids while minimizing turbulence in the remainder of the vessel. The agglomerated solids separate from the liquid by gravity and are washed as they leave the settler while the clarified liquid is discharged from the top of the settler. A method for separating suspended solids from a liquid by agglomeration is also disclosed.

Abstract: Process for recovering water of reduced salinity by contacting a semipermeable hydrophilic composite sheet with high salinity water and recovering a lower salinity water from the water sorbed in the sheet by applying sufficient physical pressure to force the water out of the sheet.

Abstract: In a process for cracking a sulfur-containing hydrocarbon an improved oxidation promoter for converting SO.sub.2 to SO.sub.3 comprising an intimate association of palladium and at least one other metal selected from the group comprising platinum, osmium, iridium, rhenium, and rhodium.

Abstract: Process and composition for removing H.sub.2 S and like sulfides from gas streams by contact with a substituted aromatic nitrile having an electron-attracting substituent on the aromatic ring at least as strong as halogen (e.g., isophthalonitrile) and an organic tertiary amine in an inert organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.

Abstract: A heavy oil fraction of pyrolysis oil vapors containing concentrated contaminants is coked on the hot mixture of pyrolyzed solids and heat transfer material in a retorting vessel provided with an inert stripping gas of a velocity sufficient to lower the dew point of the pyrolysis oil.

Abstract: NO.sub.x in flue gas from a regenerator in which an SO.sub.2 oxidation promoter is present is controlled by mixing ammonia with flue gas and passing the mixture through a combustion zone.

Abstract: Heavy oil fraction of pyrolysis oil vapors containing concentrated contaminants is coked on retorted fine solids contained in a coking zone separate from a retorting vessel characterized by the presence of an inert stripping gas of a rate sufficient to lower the dew point of the pyrolysis oil.

Abstract: Molecular sieves, particularly zeolites, of intermediate pore size are prepared using imidazole derivatives as templates.

Abstract: A reactor vessel for maintaining a staged moving bed of solids, in the presence of countercurrently flowing gas stream, having a diameter of at least one meter and a pressure drop across the body of solids approximately equal to that of a fully fluidized bed and a method for using same to thermally process a granular solid composed of a broad distribution of particle sizes.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for retorting a hydrocarbonaceous solids using a fluidized bed of heat-transfer material above a packed bed.

Abstract: Heat transfer particles of fluidizable size are selected for recycling to the pyrolysis zone to broaden usable size range of oil shale feed. These recycle particles should all be of a fluidizable size and when mixed with the raw oil shale the total amount of fluidizable particles should comprise not less than about 60 weight percent of the particles in the mixture. This process is especially useful when the heat transfer material is recycled oil shale particles. The present invention is particularly advantageous when the oil shale is pyrolyzed in a vertical retorting vessel containing a fluidized bed above a packed bed of particles.

Abstract: Sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide control by use of a sulfur sorbent and sulfur dioxide oxidation promoter in the regenerator and downstream removal of nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction using ammonia injection and trapped cracking catalyst fines.

Abstract: Particulate hydrocarbonaceous feed mixed with heat-transfer solids in chute with spouting gas and weir prior to introduction into packed bed for retorting.