Abstract: Recording in which a recording double layer which has an absorbing dye is exposed to laser light of a higher and a lower energy level, in which by exposure to laser light of the lower energy level, a bump is formed in the recording layer and in which by exposure to laser light of the higher energy level a bulge is formed which at the surface comprises a groove, as well as a recording element obtained by using the method and a method of manufacturing a metal copy from the recording element.

Abstract: A rotary speed sensor system uses a permanent magnet and a Hall cell sensitive to the changing tangential component of magnetic field caused by the interrupted surface profile of a rotary element. In order to avoid anomalies caused by the variation of the base value of the tangential component of magnetic field, the output of a differential amplifier fed by the Hall cell is connected to a voltage averaging circuit which stores the average voltage of the output on a single capacitor. The output of the differential amplifier and the voltage across the capacitor are respectively coupled to the differential inputs of a Schmitt trigger exhibiting hysteresis. The Schmitt trigger thereby establishes operate and release points relative to the average voltage signal. The voltage averaging circuit is a non-linear circuit in which the voltage across the capacitor is fed back to the negative input of an operational amplifier.

Abstract: A method of asynchronous duplex data communication between a pair of stations, a PABX and a telephone management system (TMS) relating to specific services to be performed by one of the two stations, the one station requesting, by means of an initialization request, a specific service and the number of times that this service is to be performed simultaneously, and the other station, depending on its capacity, allocating, by means of an initialization response, a number of times that the service can be performed simultaneously, which number is equal to or smaller than the requested number. After the number is allocated, it is possible to proceed by means of transaction messages to the actual performing of the services. These services for example apply to specific applications of a telephone system in a hotel.

Abstract: In apparatus for radiographic diagnostics an X-ray beam attenuated by an object to be examined is converted into a light image by means of an X-ray image intensifier tube. Inter alia as a result of the geometry of the X-ray beam and of the input screen of the X-ray image intensifier tube the intensity of the image decreases towards the edge (vignetting). By arranging a stray radiation grid, for example, in the form of a perforated plate of X-ray-absorbing material, for example, lead or tungsten, in the path of radiation between the X-ray source and the X-ray image intensifier tube, vignetting can be reduced by an adapted variation of the local transmission of the stray radiation grid.

Abstract: A masked monopolar sifting filter implemented by multiplying an input signal by a series of shifted nonuniform mask signals and selecting the minimum signal sample value from each resultant product. The intermediate signal thus produced is then again multiplied by the shifted mask signals and the maximum signal sample value from each product chosen to produce a filtered output signal. The filters are particularly useful for edge enhancing features of selected sizes in an image signal.

Abstract: A method of storing in a memory digital data representing a topological network having a set of nodes (0-cells), segments (1-cells), and areas (2-cells) within concatenated 1-cells. For each 1-cell there are stored an associated first 0-cell and second 0-cell and also a thread pointer assigned to the 0-cells. The thread pointer of an 0-cell indicates the next-following 1-cell obtained by rotating the 1-cell in question in a predetermined direction of rotation around such 0-cell. For finding a 2-cell, use is made of a first 1-cell and the thread pointer associated with one of its 0-cells is followed after which, starting from the newly found 1-cell, each time the thread pointer of the opposite 0-cell is used until the first 1-cell is found again.

Abstract: A method is presented for path planning after changes in task space. In one embodiment, the method is applied to planning a path for a robot arm. The method identifies areas in the configuration space which are affected by the changes in task space. Cost waves can then be repropagated in these affected areas to allow for planning in N dimensions and using space variant metrics. The method is also adapted to use in the presence of phantom obstacles.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance spectrometer in which an analog-to-digital converter in the receiving branch converts the spin resonance signals, or a spin resonance signal transposed to a lower frequency range, into a digital signal, and in which a Fourier transformation circuit is located in a signal path subsequent to the analog-to-digital converter. The signal path between the analog-to-digital converter and the Fourier transformation circuit includes at least one combination of a digital filter and a sampling frequency reducing circuit. The output signal of the reducing circuit has sampling frequency which has been reduced by an integer factor with respect to its input signal and, the reduced sampling frequency is a non-integer factor lower than the frequency of the signal on the output of the digital filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a memory device of the charge-coupled shift register type which is subdivided into four sections each of which has a storage capacity of, for example 208,800 bits and which can operate in different modes: parallel-in/parallel-out (as background video memory); 2.times.2 parallel-in, demultiplex/multiplex mode, for example for 100 Hz TV; scan mode; parallel-in-recirculation mode; "shortened" memory, for example for 525-line system, etcetera. Control is realized via a decoding and timing block in which a multi-bit control word is serially input and decoded. In a scan mode (for example, as a teletext memory), the memory sections are scanned one-by-one under the control of a separate scan register in which a scan bit (logic 1) is step-wise shifted until all sections have been read. Via a data output, the scan bit is transferred, for example to the scan register of a further memory device (via its serial data input) which is connected in series with the former memory device.

Abstract: A variable attenuation device intended to be inserted between a transmitter circuit having a certain internal impedance and a load circuit; it composed of at least on parallel attenuation branch made up from a variable resistance component (in particular a p-i-n diode) and a bias circuit to vary the resistance of the component as a function of an attenuation control variable. The parallel attenuation branch has a limiting component which is connected in series with the variable resistance component and whose value ensures the matching of the internal impedance of the transmitter circuit.

Abstract: In an X-ray scanner, the driving motor (10) for the X-ray source (4) with the detector (5) is in the form of a linear motor, which is preferably provided with two magnet poles (15), between which a metal disk (9) is moveable. The metal disk is connected to a supporting ring (7) for the source and the detector.

Abstract: The ultrasonic echograph comprises at least one piezoelectric transducer (10, 13) for the transmission and/or reception of an ultrasonic scanning beam (20). With at least one piezoelectric transducer (10) there is associated a random phase screen (11) which is arranged in the ultrasonic scanning beam (20) and which is displaceable with respect to the axis of this beam. Means are provided for the recording of an echographic line e(t) for each position (.alpha.) of said random phase screen. The major technical effect of the presence of the random phase screen in the ultrasonic beam path is the disturbing of the coherence of the wave traversing the screen.Applications can be found notably in medical ultrasonic echography and non-destructive testing of materials.

Abstract: An improved picture sensitivity to the magnetic field produced by a field deflection coil (28) for an in-line gun shadow mask display tube is obtained by positioning magnetic field conducting elements (32, 34) within the envelope of the display tube in the central deflection area of the field produced by the field coil (28). By positioning the magnetic field conducting elements (32, 34) inside the envelope, the distances between the elements (32, 34) and the yoke ring (30) and between the elements (32, 34) and the field coil (28) are such that the unnecessary flux is significantly less compared to a known situation in which these elements are located between the line and field coils, thus improving the field deflection sensitivity.

Abstract: A method of and a system for, determining the nuclear magnetization distribution, where a plurality of sequences act on an examination zone in the presence of a uniform, steady magnetic field, each sequence comprising an r.f. pulse whereby, in conjunction with a magnetic gradient field, the nuclear magnetization in the zones situated on both sides of a layer to be examined is excited and possibly dephased. The r.f. peak power can be reduced by modulating a signal on a carrier whose frequency corresponds to the Larmor frequency in the center of the layer to be examined, the frequency of said signal varying in a range which corresponds to differences between said Larmor frequency and the Larmor frequencies in one of the zones.

Abstract: A single-channel communication bus system allows for the use of several master stations by way of an arbitration organization. A message contains a master address which is subjected to an arbitration operation, a slave address with space for a slave address acknowledge bit, a control signal with space for a control acknowledge bit, and one or more data bytes. Per data byte an indication of the "last" byte is also transmitted and space is reserved for a data acknowledge bit. When a data acknowledge bit is not correctly received, the data byte in question is repeated until at the most the maximum frame length is reached. The remainder of a message is then placed in a next frame. If an address or control acknowledge bit is not correctly received, the relevant frame is terminated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transfer arrangement comprising a plurality of stations that are connected to each other via separate write lines and read lines, the write line at one position being coupled to the read line. The information transfer from one station to another is effected through a data channel that is formed by an allocated time slot in periodic frames. In order to realize an improved use of the data channel in the case of mutually simultaneous information exchange between two stations, according to the invention only one data channel is occupied through which each station reversibly links the information arriving through the incoming write line to the information to be transferred, preferably by means of an exclusive OR gate, and in addition, each station links the received information again to the transferred information, thus recovering the information transferred by the other station.

Abstract: A multi-pulse excitation linear-predictive speech coder operates in accordance with an analysis-by-synthesis method for determining the excitation. The coder (10) comprises an LPC-analyzer (11), a multi-phase excitation generator (13), means (12, 14) for forming an error signal representative of the difference between an original speech signal (s(n)) and a synthetic speech signal (s(n)), a filter (15) for perceptually weighting the error signal and means (16) responsive to the weighted error signal (e(n)) for generating pulse parameters controlling the excitation generator (13) so as to minimize a predetermined measure of the weighted error signal. The LPC-parameters and the pulse parameters of the excitation signal (x(n)) are encoded for efficient storage or transmission.

Abstract: A processor for pulsed Doppler velocity measurement utilizes a two dimensional discrete Fourier transform to map wideband signals into a frequency space where constant velocity Doppler spectral components are represented as radial lines. A radial projection then extracts target velocity information.