Abstract: A planatizing equipment has solid abrasive particles suspended in a liquid suspension. The solid abrasive particles have on their outer surfaces tiny, hard but brittle working edges and points. The liquid suspension medium and the solid abrasive particles have nearly the same density to prevent the brittle working edges and paints from sufficiently contacting and damaging each other. This significantly lengthens the useful life of the solid abrasive particles.

Abstract: A ferroelectric cell, particularly one integrated on a silicon substrate, comprising an amorphous barrier layer interposed between the ferroelectric stack and the silicon. Preferably, the ferroelectric stack includes conductive metal oxide electrodes sandwiching the ferroelectric layer. The metal oxide may act as a templating layer to crystallographically orient the ferroelectric layer. Alternatively, the electrodes and ferroelectric layer may be polycrystalline. The amorphous barrier layer may be composed of an intermetallic alloy, such as Ti3Al, a metal-metalloid, such as Pd—Si, a combination of early and later transition metals, such as Ti—Ni, and other related compound metal systems, such as (Ti, Zr)—Be, that form amorphous metals.

Abstract: A method of mass-producing a solid state device comprises supplying a solid state material substrate; providing two adjacent semiconductor pockets on the substrate; and forming a gate layer less than 3 to 40 Angstroms thick. The gate layer has atomically smooth major surfaces, and perfectly bonded onto the substrate to bridge a gap between the two semiconductor pockets.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermocouples which are formed from a junction of ruthenium oxide (RuO.sub.2) and iridium oxide (IrO.sub.2). The resulting thermocouple produces a typical electrical output of about 4.5 .mu.V/k at 40.degree. C. to about 4.1 .mu.v/K at 200.degree. C. The thermocouples are extremely resistant to corrosion and thus may be used for direct contact with corrosive environments such as halide containing acids, cyanides, chlorates or peroxides. Because the thermocouples can directly contact the environment, they are 100 to 1000 times faster than commercially available sheathed sensors.

Abstract: The present invention is a new and distinct thorny blackberry cultivar named ‘Chesapeake’, which is capable of producing very large fruit in the spring midseason, the fruit being much larger and similarly durable than that of the standard cultivars. The cultivar is characterized by moderate suckering ability, recurved thorns and its very flavorful fruit which is edible even when the fruit is immature.