Abstract: A process for feeding or cracking heavy hydrocarbon feedstock containing non-volatile hydrocarbons comprising: heating the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock, mixing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock with a fluid and/or a primary dilution steam stream to form a mixture, flashing the mixture to form a vapor phase and a liquid phase, and varying the amount of the fluid and/or the primary dilution steam stream mixed with the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock in accordance with at least one selected operating parameter of the process, such as the temperature of the flash stream before entering the flash drum.

Abstract: An on-line method for determining the condition of low conductivity working fluids using alternating current, electro-impedance spectroscopy is provided by making measurements over a range of frequencies at temperatures at or above 50° C.

Abstract: A process for treating hydrocarbon feed in a furnace, the process comprising: (a) heating hydrocarbon feed, (b) adding water to the heated feed, (c) adding dilution steam to the heated feed to form a mixture, (d) heating the resulting mixture and feeding the resulting heated mixture to the furnace, wherein the water in (b) is added in an amount of from at least about 1% to 100% based on water and dilution steam by weight.

Abstract: Co-precipitated CoCuMn and CoCuMg catalysts are used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Abstract: A biodegradable lubricating oil composition especially useful as a gear oil employs a synthetic alcohol ester basestock formed from mono- and dipentaerythritol with certain mono- and dicarboxylic acids or dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and an effective amount of a polyoxyalkylene alcohol demulsifying agent, a combination of alkylated organic acid and ashless succinimide rust inhibitors and an ashless dithiocarbamate antiwear and extreme pressure agent.

Abstract: A method and system for generating power include using a cogeneration power system having a gas turbine. The gas turbine has a compressor section for receiving air to be compressed. The compressed air is fed to a combustor section where it is mixed with fuel and the fuel is burned to produce heated combustion gas. The heated combustion gas is expanded in an expander section to generate shaft work which is used to drive a generator or alternator for producing electric power. The heated combustion gas leaves the expander as turbine exhaust which is cooled by transferring at least part of its heat to the air ahead of the combustor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for maintaining heat balance in a fluidized bed catalytic cracking unit. More specifically, the invention relates to a combustion control method capable of maintaining or restoring heat balance by conducting, under appropriate conditions, fuel and an oxygen-containing gas to a transfer line. The transfer line conducts effluent including spent catalyst and combustion products to the unit's catalyst regeneration zone.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards a fired heater for heating a process fluid that uses U tubes provided with increased internal heat transfer surface to reduce tube metal temperatures and coking and at the same time is not prone to plugging from coke. The fired heater comprises a radiant section enclosure with a number of U tubes in the radiant section. The U tubes are formed by connecting one or more tubular sections, and the U tubes are provided with internal generally longitudinal fins. The invention also is directed towards a process utilizing a fined heater with U tubes as disclosed for producing olefins from hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A process for reforming naphtha-containing hydrocarbon feedstreams is disclosed wherein a naphtha stream containing at least about 5 wt % of C9+ aromatics, at least about 25 wt % C.sub.5 to C.sub.9 aliphatic hydrocarbons and greater than 50 wt. ppm sulfur is contacted under reforming conditions with a bifunctional reforming catalyst, e.g. H.sup.+ ZSM-5, containing a dehydrogenation metal, e.g. zinc. The resulting reformate contains a higher ratio of C.sub.6 to C.sub.9 aromatics to C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 aliphatic hydrocarbon which boil near the boiling point of C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 aromatics present in the reformate, thereby facilitating separation of these aromatics form the reformate.

Abstract: Process flow sequences for the reduction of equipment fouling in the fractional distillation of light end hydrocarbon components, such as those produced by pyrolysis or steam cracking, wherein conventional multiple hydrogenation unit configurations are replaced with upstream hydrogenation unit configurations. The upstream hydrogenation units of the invention are located at either side draws or in the reboiler circuit of deethanizers, in front-end demethanizer and front-end deethanizer sequences, or depropanizers, in front-end depropanizer sequences and obviate the need for most of the conventionally used hydrogenation units downstream.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for improving the catalytic activity of small and medium pore acidic zeolite catalyst which comprises the steps of treating a zeolite with a phosphorus compound to form a phosphorus treated zeolite and combining the phosphorus treated zeolite with AlPO.sub.4. Optionally the phosphorus treated zeolite is calcined. The step of combining the zeolite with AlPO.sub.4 may optionally be followed by steaming the combined catalyst. Examples of useful phosphorus containing compounds useful in treating the zeolite include phosphoric acid, ammonium mono or dihydrogen phosphate, organic phosphites, and organophosphines. Preferably the phosphorus containing compound is an ammonium acid phosphate. An additional alternate embodiment provides a process for increasing the hydrothermal stability of a zeolite catalyst which comprises first treating a zeolite with a phosphorus containing compound then blending with AlPO.sub.4.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method comprising (a) contacting a first reaction mixture comprising an aromatic and a dilute stream comprising ethylene and propylene with a large pore microporous solid acid catalyst, preferably a large pore zeolite catalyst, which is effective to promote alkylation of the aromatic under first conditions effective to maintain a liquid phase comprising the aromatic and effective to cause the propylene to alkylate said aromatic but substantially ineffective to cause the ethylene to alkylate said aromatic, forming propylated aromatic and a second dilute stream comprising ethylene but substantially depleted of propylene, and (b) recovering the propylated aromatic.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of an aromatic compound with C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 olefin alkylating agent. A process to produce ethylbenzene by reaction of ethylene in stoichiometric or excess amount with benzene in the presence of a zeolite beta catalyst. This process is especially suitable for reaction of dilute ethylene with dilute benzene in a catalytic distillation column.

Abstract: A process for producing normally gaseous olefins from two different process units sharing common downstream quench and fractionation facilities, wherein one of the process units is a short contact time mechanically fluidized vaporization unit for processing petroleum residual feedstocks and the other is a conventional steam cracking unit.

Abstract: Lead impurities are removed from a liquid hydrocarbon stream by contacting the hydrocarbon stream with an adsorbent, which has been prepared by contacting the adsorbent with an organohalide under conditions which cause the organohalide to decompose; thus, producing an adsorbent containing hydrogen halide.

Abstract: A safe, effective, and economical method is provided for recovering olefins from cat-cracked gases without accumulating dangerous amounts of nitrogen oxides. A stream of cat-cracked gas first is scrubbed to remove acid gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), and then is passed through a depropanizer fractionation tower. Hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms are recovered in the bottoms of the depropanizer, and the overhead from the depropanizer--which is composed of hydrocarbons having three or fewer carbon atoms--is sent to an absorber demethanizer tower. Hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms are recovered in the bottoms from the absorber demethanizer tower, where temperatures are no lower than about -45.56.degree. C. (-50.degree. F.) The overhead from the absorber demethanizer tower--which is composed of methane, hydrogen, and trace amounts of nitrogen oxide, C.sub.2, and absorbent (C.sub.3)--then is chilled to condense and recover trace amounts of C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for using a single distillation column to recover the reactants and products from the reaction of a cyclic diolefin and an olefin to produce an alkenyl bridged ring compound.

Abstract: High basicity calcium carboxylates useful as lubricant and fuel additives and in paints are obtained by carbonating a mixture of a C.sub.7 to C.sub.15 carboxylic preferably branched chain oxo-acid and excess calcium at from 15.degree. to 60.degree. C. in the presence of a volatile solvent. Products with a basicity of from 4 to 8 may be obtained.