Abstract: Substantially circular objects such as the ends of the filters of filter tipped cigarettes are inspected for acceptable appearance utilizing a blob analysis which includes imaging a peripheral region so as to provide resolution along the edge of the circular object.

Abstract: A cam is provided having one or more end blades, each having a respective support surface to compress a corresponding end region of a tobacco rod, and one or more interposed blades, each having a respective support surface to comprise a corresponding intermediate region(s) between the end region(s) as the cam rotates. The lengths of the blades are varied to proportionately vary the density of the regions and the widths and thicknesses of the support surfaces are varied to proportionately vary the width and length of the regions. A tobacco rod, and ultimately a cigarette, is produced having intermediate compressed regions between compressed end regions.

Abstract: Reconstituted tobacco sheet having improved homogeneity and wet and dry tensile strength are produced by a process including mixing a water-soluble polysaccharide and a humectant under a first high shear; subjecting the resulting aqueous binder composition to a second high shear mixing operation; mixing the resulting aqueous binder composition with tobacco dust under a third shear, the third shear being lower than the first and second shears to form a slurry; casting the slurry onto a supportive surface such as a stainless steel conveyor belt; drying the cast slurry to form a reconstituted tobacco sheet; and recovering the reconstituted tobacco sheet for use such as cut filler for cigarettes.

Abstract: A tobacco expansion apparatus and method comprising a source of tower gas, an obloid transfer duct, in communication with the gas source, a tobacco feeder at a location along the obloid transport duct and a separator for recovering tobacco from the expansion apparatus. The tobacco feeder is adapted to introduce tobacco uniformly across the width of the obloid transfer duct. The apparatus improves the filling power of the processed tobacco and can be operated at higher production rates with less tobacco breakage, thereby improving tobacco yield.

Abstract: A thin film layer of primarily platinum is deposited onto a ceramic substrate and electrical connections are applied to the platinum layer to form a heater. In a preferred embodiment, the electrical connections comprise two electrically conductive posts fixed to the ceramic substrate at a first end and electrically contacting the platinum heater layer near this first end. Preferably, the heater layer forms mounds at each post and a thinner region therebetween, resulting in a resistance profile which concentrates heating in the thinner region and reduces undesired heating of the post area. Such heaters can be employed individually or in conjunction with other similar heaters.

Abstract: Step-shaped innerframes and blanks for forming such innerframes are provided to permit shorter than conventional cigarettes to be packaged in a conventionally sized hinged lid box. A front panel is foldably connected to a substantially perpendicular step bottom panel which in turn is foldably connected to a substantially perpendicular back panel, such that the front and back panels extend in opposite directions and lie in substantially parallel planes to form an integral step configuration. When the inner frame is located within a hinged lid box, a receptacle is formed for a short cigarette bundle. A lower receptacle is defined below the step bottom panel to store discarded cigarettes which are inserted into the lower receptacle via a hole located in one of the box walls and any associated underlying innerframe panel.

Abstract: A filter tipped cigarette making machine and method in which spaced apart generally cylindrical components are supplied to flutes in processing drums. Gaps between the components are partially closed in a motion limiting spreader drum.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for delivering free-flowing material into discrete receiving spaces separating filter plugs in partially constructed cigarette filter assemblies. The method includes rapidly feeding a free-flowing material such as charcoal into partially constructed cigarette filter assemblies. The free-flowing material is dispensed to a first conveyance and is subsequently transferred to a second conveyance that is positioned parallel and above the first conveyance. Vacuum is used to hold the free-flowing particulate material onto the first conveyance and is used to transfer the free-flowing material to the second conveyance and to hold it there. The free-flowing material is next transferred onto receiving spaces formed between articles such as cigarette filter plugs that are disposed on a third conveyance. The transfer of the free-flowing material to the receiving spaces and retention is also facilitated by application of vacuum.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method of embossing a sheet of material with a background pattern together with additional selectable indicia, wherein the method comprises the steps of removably securing an indicia-bearing element to a first one of embossing rollers and removably securing a yieldable element to a second one of embossing rollers, passing the sheet material through the nip of rigid embossing rollers while synchronously moving the embossing rollers so as to impart a background, embossed pattern to a first portion of the sheet material and secondly imparting additional indicia to second portions of the sheet material by repetitively bringing into opposing relationship at the nip the indicia-bearing element and the yieldable element.

Abstract: This invention provides a cigarette product which releases vanillin or ethylvanillin aroma in sidestream smoke under cigarette smoking conditions. The paper wrapper of the cigarette product has a content of a flavorant-release additive which is a novel 3-vanillyl-2-hydroxypropyl or 3-ethylvanillyl-2-hydroxypropyl substituted ether derivative of cellulose.

Abstract: Images such as product images are identified as substantially similar to one or more reference images by finding pixels which have substantially the same value or values in all or substantially all of the reference images. Image erosion and/or dilation may be used in processing the reference image data to help identify pixels which can always be expected to have the same value in all acceptable images. The values associated with the corresponding pixels in a product image are combined and compared to an expected value. The values associated with pixels which correspond to regions not similar in substantially all of the reference images are combined to produce a discriminant function. The product image is identified as substantially similar to the reference image or images only if the combined values from the product image compare favorably with the expected value, and the dot product between the product image and the discriminant function is equal to a predetermined value.

Abstract: This invention relates to the treatment of paper with material in repetitive patterns. The treatment patterns made with this invention can be altered by changing apparatus operating parameters.

Abstract: A filter tipped cigarette making machine and method in which spaced apart generally cylindrical components are supplied to flutes in processing drums. Gaps between the components are partially closed in a motion limiting spreader drum.

Abstract: Cigarettes are formed from tobacco filler which is at a temperature in excess of approximately 35.degree. Celsius and having an elevated moisture content. For example, particles of tobacco filler having an elevated moisture content of approximately 13.5% to approximately 17% are heated by being exposed to a source of heat having a temperature of between approximately 35.degree. and approximately 60.degree. Celsius before being formed into tobacco rods. Preferably a temperature range of between approximately 43.degree. and approximately 52.degree. Celsius is employed. The heating source can be selected from infrared radiation sources, hot water jackets, heating coils, microwave radiation sources or air heated by any one or more of the foregoing. The heating process can take place during the acceleration of the tobacco filler particles from the distributor up to the permeable rod conveyor belt or from the tobacco feeding system supplying the distributor.

Abstract: A heater having a generally cylindrical or tubular configuration comprised of a selected plurality of thermally conductive heater blades and adjacent heat sink and aerosol barrier blades interposed between the heater blades to form an interdigitated structure. A respective gap is defined between a heater blade and an adjacent heat sink blade to prevent heat loss during an electrical pulse which heats the heater blade. During the subsequent cooling period and puff interval, the adjacent heat sink blades prevent heat from propagating to other parts of the aerosol generating tube, i.e., the cigarette. In addition to the thermal function, the barrier blades also block the escape of moisture generated by the aerosol generating medium, thereby limiting the propagation of condensation. The respective gaps between the interdigitated blades are defined to be wide enough to prevent heat losses during pulsing from a heater blade to adjacent blades yet small enough to prevent escape of significant amounts of vapor.

Abstract: A main aspect of this invention is the provision of a liquid medium for scrubbing contaminants from an environmental gas-phase. Toxic chemicals such as phosphine and arsine are removed from a gas-phase stream by contacting the gas-phase stream with an aqueous medium which oxidizes the contaminants to water-soluble or water-dispersible type derivatives. The aqueous medium has a content of redox ingredients illustrated by compounds such as silver nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, sodium tungstate, and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A process for reordering tobacco or other suitable hygroscopic organic material, which results in no significant decrease in the equilibrium CV of the tobacco or other hygroscopic organic material, or significant degradation of the tobacco or other hygroscopic organic material, is provided. Material to be reordered is contacted with an air stream having a relative humidity near the equilibrium conditions of the material. As the OV content of the hygroscopic organic material increases, the relative humidity of the air stream contacting the hygroscopic organic material is increased to affect reordering of the material. Also provided is a process for drying tobacco or other suitable hygroscopic organic material, which results in no significant change in the equilibrium CV of the tobacco or other hygroscopic organic material or significant degradation of the tobacco or other suitable hygroscopic organic material.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided that comprises a self-stacking spiral conveyor that traverses through a circulating atmosphere. The atmosphere is manipulated by one or more chambers having an open side adjacent to the perforated sides of the spiral conveyor. Additional control over the circulating atmosphere may be achieved by injection or ejection of gas into one or more chambers.

Abstract: A smoking article is provided in which a replaceable tobacco flavor unit containing tobacco flavor material is electrically heated by a set of permanent reusable heaters to evolve flavors or other components in vapor or aerosol form for delivery to a smoker. Each heater heats only a portion of the available tobacco flavor material so that a plurality of individual puffs of tobacco flavor substance can be delivered sequentially to the smoker. The replaceable tobacco flavor unit can also include a filter to reduce the effect of residual aerosol which settles or condenses on the permanent portions of the article and which can result in undesirable flavor generation when reheated. A method and apparatus for manufacturing the replaceable tobacco flavor unit is also provided.