Abstract: An imaging technique and composition for developing electrostatographic latent images is given whereby a developer composition is employed comprising toner, a substantially smearless polymeric additive, and an abrasive material.

Abstract: An imaging method is given whereby a latent electrostatographic image is developed by a developer containing liquid developer dispensing roll having excellent dimensional stability and resiliency having a thin, hard surface carrying the liquid developer on a resilient shell supported by a hard metal shaft.

Abstract: Toner concentration of an electrostatic developer is measured by disposing the developer between two electrodes and agitating the developer to produce electronic noise as a result of triboelectrification and measuring and determining from the generated noise the concentration of the developer.

Abstract: An improved electrostatographic process wherein the imaging surface of the imaging member is treated with a lubricating effective amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of ortho-, meta-, para-phthalic acid, their corresponding metal or ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof. Controlled treatment of the imaging surfaces of the imaging member with the above compound(s) facilitates transfer of the developed image from the imaging member to a receiving sheet and removal of toner residues from the imaging surface upon cleaning. The imaging member element of the apparatus used in carrying out this process is covered with a thin film of lubricant over substantially all of its imaging surface thereby greatly improving toner transfer and removal.