Abstract: An improved pressure sensitive adhesive includes a base polymer and a PIB modifier that is made up of a homopolymer of isobutylene wherein a predominant portion of the double bonds are in either an alpha position or a beta position. The modifier may function as a plasticizer, a tackifier extender or a combination plasticizer and tackifier extender for the pressure sensitive adhesive.

Abstract: A burner assembly for a radiant burner includes a burner tube structure in the form of an elongated burner conduit having spaced inlet and outlet ends. The conduit is adapted and arranged for directing a fuel lean gaseous mixture comprising a portion of the total fluid fuel to be combusted and oxygen therealong from the inlet end to the outlet end. The assembly also includes a main burner nozzle at the outlet end of the conduit, which nozzle has a central axis, a wall extending around a centrally located chamber therein, and a downstream end spaced from the outlet end of the conduit. The main burner nozzle is arranged and adapted for receiving the mixture from the conduit in the chamber and redirecting the same through a plurality of apertures in the wall and into a combustion zone in a direction transverse to the axis and at a velocity which is greater than the flame speed of the gaseous mixture.

Abstract: Apparatus for olefin polymerization includes a plurality of shell and tube olefin polymerization reactors, each of which has an olefin polymerization reaction mixture inlet connection and a crude polyolefin product outlet connection. Each reactor is equipped with a recirculation system including a pump arranged to circulate a reaction mixture through the tube side of the reactor independently of the introduction of olefin polymerization reaction mixture into the reactor. The apparatus also includes an inlet reaction mixture distribution manifold and an outlet polymerization reaction mixture collection manifold interconnecting the reactors for operation in parallel. The apparatus also includes catalyst composition and catalyst modifier inlets for each reactor arranged such that a catalyst modifier to may be introduced into each reactor at a rate which is independent of the introduction of catalyst composition.

Abstract: An improved cling film includes a PIB tackifier that is essentially a homopolymer of isobutylene wherein the double bonds are mainly in the alpha position. A method for improving the cling properties of a cling film includes providing a cling film base structure and including in the base structure such a PIB tackifier.

Abstract: A burner arrangement includes a venturi cluster including a plurality of venturis arranged for parallel flow. The multi venturi arrangement utilizing pressurized fuel as the inducing fluid to induce a flow of air enables the provision of an ultra fuel lean premix of fuel and air. A central burner tube which extends outwardly beyond the delivery end of a primary burner tip and mounts a relatively small capacity nozzle at a substantial distance from the delivery end of the burner tip enabling the ultra fuel lean mixture to expand and slow down such that its linear speed does not exceed the flame speed of the mixture prior to by the flame of the spaced nozzle. A deflector may be positioned adjacent the nozzle to assist in stabilizing the flame after the expansion and slowing process has been completed.

Abstract: A high efficiency method for atomizing a liquid fuel. A liquid fuel is caused to flow into and through a pre-atomization chamber. A first portion of a pressurized atomizing fluid is introduced into the liquid fuel flowing through the chamber so as to at least partially atomize the fuel and provide a first admixture containing atomized fuel and atomizing fluid. The first admixture is delivered from the chamber and caused to flow into and through a first elongated port in an atomizing tip connected to the chamber. A second portion of pressurized atomizing fluid is directed into and caused to flow through a second elongated port in the tip. The first admixture from the first port is introduced into the second port and caused to become intimately intermixed with the second portion of pressurized atomizing fluid so as to further atomize the fuel and provide a second admixture comprising atomized fuel and atomizing fluid.

Abstract: A liquid phase polymerization process for preparing low molecular weight, highly reactive polyisobutylene. The process includes the steps of providing a feedstock containing isobutylene and a catalyst composition made up of a complex of BF3 and a complexing agent. The feedstock and the catalyst composition are introduced into a residual reaction mixture in a reaction zone where the residual reaction mixture, the feedstock and the catalyst composition are intimately intermixed so as to present an intimately intermixed reaction admixture in said reaction zone. The intimately intermixed reaction admixture is maintained in its intimately intermixed condition and kept at a temperature of at least about 0° C. while the same is in the reaction zone, whereby the isobutylene therein is polymerized to form polyisobutylene having a high degree of terminal unsaturation. A product stream is withdrawn from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A biogas flare system for burning biogas generated primarily by a landfill includes at least one burner for igniting a mixture of biogas and air. A main supply line supplies a mixture of biogas and air to the burner. A biogas supply line feeds biogas into the main supply line. An air supply line feeds air into the main supply line. A mixer structure mixes the biogas and air prior to the mixture being supplied to the burner.

Abstract: A biogas flare system for burning biogas generated primarily by a landfill includes at least one burner for igniting a mixture of biogas and air. A main supply line supplies a mixture of biogas and air to the burner. A biogas supply line feeds biogas into the main supply line. An air supply line feeds air into the main supply line. A mixer structure mixes the biogas and air prior to the mixture being supplied to the burner.

Abstract: A low NOx burner nozzle assembly for a radiant wall burner includes an elongated hollow burner tube and a discharge nozzle. The burner tube defines a conduit for supplying a mixture of fuel and air to a radiant combustion area of a combustion zone that surrounds the nozzle assembly. The discharge nozzle is mounted on the tube at the downstream end of the conduit adjacent the radiant combustion area and the same is adapted for directing the mixture of fuel and air into the radiant combustion area in an essentially radial direction. The discharge nozzle includes a plurality of flow directing members arranged in an array which extends circumferentially around the discharge nozzle, and the same are arranged to define therebetween a plurality of passageways which extend in a generally radial direction. The passageways are arranged so as to have different respective flow areas. The discharge nozzle also has an end cap to prevent axial flow of the primary air/fuel mixture.

Abstract: A liquid phase polymerization process for preparing low molecular weight, highly reactive polyisobutylene. The process includes the steps of providing a feedstock containing isobutylene and a catalyst composition made up of a complex of BF3 and a complexing agent. The feedstock and the catalyst composition are introduced into a residual reaction mixture in a reaction zone where the residual reaction mixture, the feedstock and the catalyst composition are intimately intermixed so as to present an intimately intermixed reaction admixture in said reaction zone. The intimately intermixed reaction admixture is maintained in its intimately intermixed condition and kept at a temperature of at least about 0° C. while the same is in the reaction zone, whereby the isobutylene therein is polymerized to form polyisobutylene having a high degree of terminal unsaturation. A product stream is withdrawn from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A burner assemblage includes an elongated, round burner assembly having a central axis and including internal baffle structure. The baffle structure is arranged to cause concentric primary and secondary air flows to move in a direction generally parallel to said axis. The secondary air flow is generally annular in shape and the same is disposed in generally surrounding relationship relative to said primary air flow. The assemblage also includes a swirler structure for swirling the air primary and secondary air flowing through the central portions of the burner. The swirler structure includes a first swirler component located in a position for swirling the primary air flow. The first swirler component has an outer circumferential edge that extends around the axis of the burner in radially spaced relationship thereto. The swirler also includes a second generally annular swirler component located in a position for swirling the secondary air flow independently of the swirling of the primary air flow.

Abstract: A fuel cell system made up of a plurality of fuel cells. Each cell includes a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet, a fuel side product outlet and an oxidant side product outlet. A common fuel supply line is provided for the fuel inlets. A common oxidant supply line is provided for the oxidant inlets. A common product purging mechanism is coupled to the outlets for purging the same of unused fuel, unused oxidant, fuel side product and oxidant side product. The product purging mechanism includes valving structure operable to selectively and independently open the outlets of a given cell. A method for operating such a fuel cell system includes supplying fuel to the fuel inlets from a common source of fuel and supplying an oxidant to the oxidant inlets from a common source of oxidant. The outlets of a given cell are selectively opened to purge fuel product and oxidant product from the given cell while the outlets of other cells are kept closed.

Abstract: A high efficiency liquid fuel atomizer includes an elongated generally tubular member defining a liquid fuel pre-atomization chamber. The tubular member has an outer wall that extends around the chamber, an upstream end adapted for connection to a source of liquid fuel and a downstream fuel delivery outlet. The atomizer also includes a larger diameter outer tube that is concentric to the tubular member and defines a generally annular pressurized atomizing fluid supply conduit disposed in surrounding relationship relative to the chamber. The outer tube has an inlet adapted for connection to a source of pressurized atomizing fluid and a downstream pressurized atomizing fluid delivery outlet. One or more orifices are provided in the outer wall of the tubular member so as to intercommunicate the chamber and the annular conduit to permit pressurized atomizing fluid to enter the chamber and at least partially atomize the fluid fuel therein.

Abstract: A particularly useful low lead aviation gasoline fuel blend complies with all requirements of ASTM D 910 and includes 67.0 volume % isooctane, 18.0 volume % xylene, 12.0 volume % isopentane, 3.0 volume % isobutane and 0.47 mL/gal of tetraethyl lead. Another useful low lead aviation gasoline fuel blend which complies with all requirements of ASTM D 910 except for oxygenate content includes 60.0 volume % isooctane, 15.0 volume % xylene, 14.0 volume % methyl t-butyl ether, 8.0 volume % isopentane, 3.0 volume % isobutane and 0.2 mL/gal of tetraethyl lead. The isooctane used in either case is a purified isooctane prepared either by fractionating a crude DIB material and hydrogenating the fractionated material or hydrogenating the crude DIB material and fractionating the hydrogenated material.

Abstract: A round burner capable of being operated with reduced CO and NOx emissions includes a venturi tube positioned to direct a flow of air through the burner and into a combustion zone in a combustion chamber through an entrance in a wall of the combustion chamber. The venturi tube has inlet and outlet ends and a throat. The outlet end of the venturi tube has a larger internal diameter than either the inlet end or the throat and the same is positioned adjacent the entrance to the combustion chamber. The inlet end of the venturi tube is also positioned further from the entrance than the outlet end of the venturi tube. The burner may include a duct system that includes an inlet disposed in fluid communication with the combustion zone and an outlet disposed in fluid communication with the venturi tube adjacent the throat thereof.

Abstract: Depot drug formulations include the pharmaceutical itself and a three component release rate controlling matrix composition. The three components of the matrix composition are (1) a pH dependent gelling polymer such as an alginate component, (2) an enteric polymer component, such as Eudragit® L or S, and (3) a pH independent gelling polymer, such as hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose or polyethylene oxide. The drug release rate can be adjusted by changing the amount of one or more of these components of the composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to the identification and characterization of the maize HSP22 protein including the corresponding nucleic acid molecules, nucleic acid fragments and protein fragments. Further, this invention relates to both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to HSP22 and the production thereof. These antibodies can be used in a method for detecting the presence of HSP22 expression in whole leaf samples. Further, the nucleic acid molecule and fragments thereof can be used in assays to detect the levels of nucleic acid molecules involved in HSP22 expression. The levels of both HSP22 and HSP22 mRNA are then utilized as an indication of a plant's ability to tolerate heat stress. Additionally, plants can be transformed to express increased levels of HSP22.

Abstract: For counteracting slipping and skidding in a motor-driven rail vehicle, the acceleration of the driving wheel is sensed and is used to control the torque of the driving motor. The arrangement includes a device which is responsive to an absolute value of the acceleration which exceeds a predetermined first value to reduce the torque, and to a decrease in the absolute value of the acceleration to a second value to increase the torque. The torque reducing arrangement reduces the torque at a predetermined rate until a low first torque value has been reached, then reduces the torque at a lower rate until the predetermined second low acceleration value is reached, and thereafter increases the torque, the reverse of this procedure is followed when increasing the torque.