Abstract: Mono- and di-esters of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol and benzoic acids are useful plasticizers for vinyl chloride polymers, and other polymers, particularly for imparting improved stain resistance to plasticized compositions. Novel processes for preparing the esters are disclosed.

Abstract: Mono- and di-esters of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol and benzoic acids are useful plasticizers for vinyl chloride polymers, and other polymers, particularly for imparting improved stain resistance to plasticized compositions. Novel processes for preparing the esters are disclosed.

Abstract: Mono- and di-esters of 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol and benzoic acids are useful plasticizers for vinyl chloride polymers, and other polymers, particularly for imparting improved stain resistance to plasticized compositions. Novel processes for preparing the esters are disclosed.

Abstract: Solutions of complexed mixed soaps of vanadium and at least one other metal in organic solvents are produced by the reaction of an inorganic vanadium compound, an oxidizable metal, and an organic monocarboxylic acid, in the presence of oxygen, water, and an inert, water-immiscible organic solvent.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel composition containing from 5 ppm to 500 ppm of a metal that normally catalyzes oxidative deterioration of said fuel composition is stabilized by incorporating in it from 1% to 25% by volume of a stabilizer that is an alkanol having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a glycol having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: Surface-coating compositions that have improved resistance to attack by bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms contain from 0.1% to 3% by weight of a biocidal compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or --COR'; R' represents alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl; and X and Y, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen or chlorine.

Abstract: Oil-soluble metal salts are produced by the reaction of a polyvalent metal, such as nickel or cobalt, with an organic monocarboxylic acid in the presence of an alkali metal salt catalyst, water, oxygen, and an inert, water-immiscible organic solvent.

Abstract: A thixotropic agent for organic solvent-based surface-coating compositions is the product of the reaction of a polypentaerythritol component comprising tripentaerythritol with a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid component comprising acids having 20 to 22 carbon atoms in amounts that provide from 0.40 mole to 0.96 mole of carboxyl groups per mole of hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Flexible, resilient, polyurethane foam having improved flame retardancy and intumescent properties is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising a polyether polyol, an organic polyisocyanate, a blowing agent, a surfactant, a catalyst, a flame retardant, and hydrated alumina. Alternatively, the mixture also comprises a low-viscosity linear polyester.The hydrated alumina is predispersed in a mixture comprising flame retardant and low-viscosity linear polyester, and alternatively a char former and a fugitive viscosity modifier.

Abstract: This invention relates to improved rosin sizes, and to improved methods for preparing sized paper. In one embodiment, sized paper is prepared by adding the improved rosin size and a polyamine retention aid to a pulp slurry before sheet formation, without the use of aluminum sulfate. In another embodiment, paper is surface-sized with the improved rosin size in the absence of both aluminum sulfate and retention aids.

Abstract: Flexible, resilient, polyurethane foam having improved flame retardancy and intumescent properties is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising a polyester polyol, an organic polyisocyanate, a blowing agent, a surfactant, a catalyst, a melamine derivative wherein one or more hydrogens have been replaced by a methylol and/or lower alkoxymethyl group, a flame retardant, and hydrated alumina. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrated alumina is predispersed in a mixture comprising the melamine derivative, the flame retardant, and a low-viscosity linear polyester polyol.

Abstract: In the manufacture of continuous sheets or films of plastic material, especially by calendering, an improved stripping process and apparatus are disclosed whereby the degree of residual strain in such sheets and films can be controlled and production rates increased. In preferred embodiments of the process and apparatus, sheets and films of substantially uniform side-to-side texture are obtained.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foam having reduced tendency to form burning embers and which produces a char when it is ignited and burned is provided by incorporating into the reaction mixture before foaming an aldehyde or an aldehyde generator.In a preferred embodiment, flexible polyurethane foam of increased flame retardance is provided by also incorporating a flame retardant into the reaction mixture before foaming.

Abstract: Flexible polyurethane foam having reduced tendency to form burning embers when it is ignited and burned is provided by incorporating into the reaction mixture before foaming a ketone or benzaldehyde.In a preferred embodiment, flexible polyurethane foam of increased flame retardance is provided by also incorporating a flame retardant into the reaction mixture before foaming.

Abstract: Fragrance-emitting articles comprising a polyurethane foam containing a particulate filler and a fragrance material, and a method of making such articles, are disclosed. The method includes the essential steps of pre-mixing particulate filler and fragrance and dispersing the pre-mix in a liquid polyol, before adding the other reaction mixture components, and provides a polyurethane foam having a controlled rate of release of the fragrance.

Abstract: A sizing agent for use in paper-making comprises an aqueous emulsion of at least one compound of the formulae ##STR1## wherein each R.sup.1 represents a hydrophobic group selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aralkyl or aralkenyl groups, where the R.sup.1 groups in either formula may be the same or different and together they contain from 25 to 60 carbon atoms. The sizing agent can be used for either internal or surface sizing, and is effective in the absence of, or in the presence of, a retention aid.

Abstract: Dry particulate vinyl chloride homopolymer and copolymers, and dry particulate compositions containing major proportions of these polymers, having 2 parts or less per million of vinyl chloride monomer are provided. The vinyl chloride monomer can be so low as to be undetectable. The reduction in monomer content is achieved by subjecting the dry polymer particles to elevated temperature, agitation, and subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: This invention relates to a new construction for upholstered seat cushions and backs for chairs and sofas, for throw pillows and the like, wherein a resilient, flexible foam material such as polyurethane foam or latex foam rubber, having a convoluted front and rear surface is provided with a wrapping of a batt or web of a very soft and resilient non-woven fibrous material prior to being covered in the conventional manner with a fabric.

Abstract: A sizing agent for use in paper-making comprises an aqueous emulsion of at least one compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein x is an integer from 5 to 16 inclusive. The sizing agent can be used for either internal of surface sizing; and is effective in the absence of, or in the presence of, a retention aid.

Abstract: Improved iodine-containing compositions suitable for use in combating bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeasts, and other undesirable micro-organisms are provided by the use of certain tertiary amine oxides as solubilizers or co-solubilizers for iodine. The compositions may also comprise surfactants, iodides, acids, and liquid media. The compositions are stable and effective, and may be low-foaming.