Abstract: A method of inhibiting the corrosion of metals in contact with petroleum and petroleum fractions other than gasoline comprises contacting metal surfaces with a corrosion inhibiting amount of bis-amides resulting from reaction of one mole of amine with one equivalent of a dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: An adsorptive separation process for separating ethanol from a feed mixture comprising ethanol and water, which process comprises contacting the feed mixture with an adsorbent comprising esterified silica selectively adsorbing substantially all of the ethanol to be separated to the substantial exclusion of the water and thereafter recovering high purity ethanol. A desorption step may be used to desorb the adsorbed ethanol.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a method for its use. The catalyst is a composite of a crystalline aluminosilicate and an inorganic oxide comprising silica and alumina. The catalytic composite is manufactured by crystallizing aluminosilicate throughout an acid treated inorganic oxide. The catalyst is particularly effective in the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks.

Abstract: A magnetic support matrix for enzyme immobilization is prepared which comprises a porous, refractory inorganic oxide containing ferromagnetic particles dispersed throughout its interior and a polyamine cross-linked with an excess of a bifunctional reagent impregnated therein so as to furnish pendant functional groups. Such a magnetic support matrix does not otherwise substantially decrease loading of subsequently immobilized enzyme, nor in any other way substantially alter the properties of the immobilized enzyme system when compared to that prepared on a non-magnetic support.

Abstract: Improved double wall tubing assembly which is especially useful in heat exchangers of the "coil-in-can" type for solar applications has a double wall construction which insures that a leak developing from a failure in either of the walls will not result in a mixing of fluid external to the outer tube with the fluid flowing internally of the inner tube. An outwardly projecting helical fin configuration formed on the outer surface of the inner tube provides an effective heat transfer medium between the inner and outer walls of the tube assembly while defining a spiral flow channel through which leakage entering through either wall can flow and be detected. A method of making the double wall tube assembly is disclosed wherein a finned outer tube is assembled over a previously finned inner tube. The assembled tubes are then brought into firm mechanical contact by the step of forming the assembled tubes into a coil and/or by expanding the inner tube.

Abstract: A process for the isomerization of acyclic hydrocarbons and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed. The mixed-phase feed stream is heated and the liquid-phase portion of the feed stream is simultaneously vaporized by indirect heat exchange against the effluent of the reaction zone. Prior to this exchange, the effluent of the isomerization zone is heated in a fired heater to a temperature above that employed in the reaction zone. The inventive concept eliminates the need to pass mixed-phase feed streams through fired multi-pass heaters.

Abstract: Arrangement for resiliently mounting a ceramic monolithic type catalytic converter element in a metal housing with a blanket of knit wire mesh material includes at least one circumferential band of high temperature intumescent material containing ceramic fibers positioned within the wire mesh blanket which prevents virtually all bypass leakage around the element and substantially reduces the temperature of the wire mesh.

Abstract: Plastic well screen has tapered, undercut slots formed by a laser beam focused through a lens having its focal point located at or slightly away from the surface of the plastic cylinder being slotted so that the laser beam diverges as it passes through the plastic. The cylinder is rotated and simultaneously moved axially relative to the laser beam to produce a series of transverse slots. In one embodiment, the laser beam is interrupted to provide continuous longitudinal support portions in the cylinder. In a modified embodiment, the cylinder has integral internal ribs which remain intact even though the laser is operated continuously to remove surface material located between the ribs and the laser beam.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at hydrocarbon dehydrogenation conditions, with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a platinum group component maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of an iron component. An example of the attenuated superactive nonacidic multimetallic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of an alkali or alkaline earth component, an iron component, and of a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the rhenium carbonyl component.

Abstract: Dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated by contacting them, at hydrocarbon dehydrogenation conditions, with a novel attenuated superactive multimetallic catalytic composite comprising a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of a catalytically effective amount of a platinum group component maintained in the elemental metallic state, and of a silver component. An example of the attenuated superactive nonacidic multimetallic catalytic composite disclosed herein is a combination of a catalytically effective amount of a pyrolyzed rhenium carbonyl component with a porous carrier material containing a uniform dispersion of catalytically effective amounts of a silver component, an alkali or alkaline earth component and a platinum group component which is maintained in the elemental metallic state during the incorporation of the rhenium carbonyl component.

Abstract: An apparatus for the recovery of hot regenerated catalyst particles from a moving bed regenerator column is disclosed. The apparatus is designed to obviate pressure surges in the regenerator column, a condition which has been determined to result from a periodic discharge of hot regenerator catalyst particles into a catalyst hopper vented to the regenerator column.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process for producing C.sub.8 hydrocarbons suitable for use as motor fuel blending components from normal butane or a mixture of isobutane and normal butane. A butane feed stream is fractionated to produce a normal butane stream which is passed through a butane isomerization zone. The effluent of the isomerization zone is admixed with isobutane and passed into a butane dehydrogenation zone. The C.sub.4 effluent of the dehydrogenation zone is passed into an HF alkylation zone in which C.sub.8 hydrocarbons are produced. The alkylation zone effluent stream is passed into the feed stream fractionator. Preferably, an isobutane stream is withdrawn from the feed stream fractionator and divided into a portion which is passed into the dehydrogenation zone and a portion passed into the alkylation zone based on a measurement of the isobutane inventory of the process.

Abstract: A transalkylation process useful in producing C.sub.8 alkyl-aromatic hydrocarbons from C.sub.9 alkylaromatic hydrocarbons or a mixture of C.sub.7 and C.sub.9 alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. The effluent of a transalkylation zone is passed into a fractionation zone and is therein preferably separated into a light recycle stream comprising benzene and toluene and a heavy recycle stream comprising C.sub.9 and C.sub.10 alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, with both recycle streams being returned into the transalkylation zone. The recycling of C.sub.10 hydrocarbons to the transalkylation zone increases the yield of C.sub.8 alkylaromatic hydrocarbons from the transalkylation process. The transalkylation step is preferably integrated with a paraxylene separation zone and a xylene isomerization zone operated as a continuous loop receiving mixed xylenes from the transalkylation zone feed and effluent fractionation zones.

Abstract: A catalyst regeneration apparatus for the oxidation of coke from a spent catalyst, said coke being converted to CO, and for the conversion of the CO to CO.sub.2. Hot regenerated catalyst is recycled from a dense bed in the regeneration zone to mix with incoming spent catalyst in a mixer zone. The mixer zone operates in dense phase and is supplied with a relatively small amount of a fluidizing medium, preferably air. After the mixing of spent and fresh catalyst is substantially completed, a relatively large amount of a regenerating gas, preferably air, is admixed with the catalyst mixture, and some coke oxidation occurs. The balance of coke oxidation takes place in a downstream-situated regeneration zone of substantially conventional design. There is a transfer section connecting the mixer zone to the regeneration zone through when the relatively large amount of the regenerating gas is admitted.

Abstract: Unsaturated carboxylic acids, as exemplified by oleic acid, erucic acid, crotonic acid, etc., may be subjected to a reduction reaction by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising cadmium and rhenium composited on a solid support such as alumina. The reduction reaction is effected at elevated temperatures and pressures, a specific feature of the reaction process being that hydrogen is continuously bled from the reactor during the reaction period. This feature results in obtaining a higher selectivity of esters and alcohols which retain the unsaturation of the original starting material.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing annular corrugations in the wall of thin metal tubing in the manufacture of corrugated metal hose includes a plurality of dies. Each die comprises a helical rib of greater than 360.degree. extent formed on the inner rim of an annular ring with the ribs on successive dies being progressively thinner and having successively closer pitches so as to progressively deepen the corrugations and make them narrower. The dies are preferably mounted to rotate in synchronization with each other at identical angular speeds, and are arranged in pairs in one or more stages with the dies in each stage engaging opposite sides of the tube.

Abstract: A process for separating a ketose from a feed mixture comprising a ketose and an aldose which process comprises contacting the mixture with an adsorbent comprising a Y or X zeolite containing one or more selected cations at the exchangeable cationic sites thereby selectively adsorbing a ketose from the feed mixture and thereafter recovering the ketose. Preferably the ketose will be recovered by desorption from the adsorbent with a desorbent material.

Abstract: An air supply system for the catalyst regeneration zone of a fluidized catalytic cracking unit also supplies a pressurized air stream to the turbine of an electrical generating plant. The compressor which produces the pressurized air stream is driven by passing the flue gas of the regeneration zone through a power recovery expander. Preferably, the pressurized air stream is first heated by heat exchange against the turbine effluent and then admixed with hot gas from separate turbin-type gas generators prior to being passed into the turbine. This provides a very practical and relatively low-cost cogeneration process.

Abstract: Olefinic hydrocarbons may be hydrated to form corresponding alcohols by treating said olefins with water in the presence of an acidic compound which acts as a catalyst, said hydration reaction being effected at a temperature in the range of from about 100.degree. to about 300.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 1 to about 100 atmospheres. In addition, the reaction medium also contains a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, barium, beryllium and radium, said metal salts suppressing the corrosive nature of the acid catalyst and thus permitting the reaction to be effected in normal metal reactors.

Abstract: A solid carbonaceous material, such as coal, is converted to liquid products and the asphaltene content of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous liquid is reduced in the process wherein the solid is solvent extracted by the heavy hydrocarbonaceous liquid and a hydrocarbonaceous recycle stream with a finely divided, unsupported metal catalyst and the resultant mixture of liquids is recovered as the product.