Abstract: A defibrillator with an automatic self-test system that includes a test signal generator and a defibrillator status indicator. The test system preferably performs functional tests and calibration verification tests automatically in response to test signals generated periodically and/or in response to predetermined conditions or events and indicates the test results visually and audibly. The invention also relates to a method for automatically determining and indicating a defibrillator's status without human intervention.

Abstract: This invention provides an external defibrillator and defibrillation method that automatically compensates for patient-to-patient impedance differences in the delivery of electrotherapeutic pulses for defibrillation and cardioversion. In a preferred embodiment, the defibrillator has an energy source that may be discharged through electrodes on the patient to provide a biphasic voltage or current pulse. In one aspect of the invention, the first and second phase duration and initial first phase amplitude are predetermined values. In a second aspect of the invention, the duration of the first phase of the pulse may be extended if the amplitude of the first phase of the pulse fails to fall to a threshold value by the end of the predetermined first phase duration, as might occur with a high impedance patient.

Abstract: An electrotherapy device control system that improves on prior art electrotherapy device control systems by providing for operation of the electrotherapy device with software code or instructions stored on an attachable memory device. In one embodiment, the invention is a method of controlling the operation characteristics of an electrotherapy device, including the steps of providing an electrotherapy device having a controller and a first memory, the first memory containing instructions for use by the controller to operate the electrotherapy device; attaching a second memory to the electrotherapy device, the second memory containing instructions for use by the controller to operate the electrotherapy device; and operating the electrotherapy device using instructions contained only in the second memory. The invention also includes an apparatus for performing the method and a memory device for use with the apparatus.

Abstract: An electrotherapy method and apparatus for delivering a multiphasic waveform from an energy source to a patient. The preferred embodiment of the method comprises the steps of charging the energy source to an initial level; discharging the energy source across the electrodes to deliver electrical energy to the patient in a multiphasic waveform; monitoring a patient-dependent electrical parameter during the discharging step; shaping the waveform of the delivered electrical energy based on a value of the monitored electrical parameter, wherein the relative duration of the phases of the multiphasic waveform is dependent on the value of the monitored electrical parameter.

Abstract: A defibrillator with an automatic self-test system that includes a test signal generator and a defibrillator status indicator. The test system preferably performs functional tests and calibration verification tests automatically in response to test signals generated periodically and/or in response to predetermined conditions or events and indicates the test results visually and audibly. The invention also relates to a method for automatically determining and indicating a defibrillator's status without human intervention.

Abstract: A method for displaying time-correlated medical event data including the steps of: providing time-correlated event data to a display device; selecting a first event to be displayed; and displaying the first event together with a time-correlated second event on the display device. In another embodiment, the invention is a method for displaying time-correlated medical event data including the steps of: manually entering data comprising a first event into a display device; time-correlating the first event with data comprising a second event collected by a medical device; and displaying the first event together with the second event on the display device.

Abstract: A defibrillator system comprising an external defibrillator, a defibrillator communicator and a communication network. In a preferred embodiment, the defibrillator comprises electrodes, an energy source and a controller, with the controller comprising an ECG signal analyzer and means for local actuation of the defibrillator to deliver an electrical pulse from the energy source to the electrodes. The communication network comprises a communication station, preferably a computer with a modem, and signal carriers, such as telephone lines, so that information can be transmitted from the communicator to the communication station. Likewise, the defibrillator communicator comprises means for automatically transmitting information to the communication station in response to deployment of the defibrillator.

Abstract: This invention provides an external defibrillator and defibrillation method that automatically compensates for patient-to-patient impedance differences in the delivery of electrotherapeutic pulses for defibrillation and cardioversion. In a preferred embodiment, the defibrillator has an energy source that may be discharged through electrodes on the patient to provide a biphasic voltage or current pulse. In one aspect of the invention, the first and second phase duration and initial first phase amplitude are predetermined values. In a second aspect of the invention, the duration of the first phase of the pulse may be extended if the amplitude of the first phase of the pulse fails to fall to a threshold value by the end of the predetermined first phase duration, as might occur with a high impedance patient.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for delivering electrotherapy to a patient through electrodes connected to a plurality of capacitors, including the steps of discharging at least one of the capacitors across the electrodes to deliver electrical energy to the patient, monitoring a patient-dependent electrical parameter (such as voltage, current or charge) during the discharging step, and adjusting energy delivered to the patient based on a value of the electrical parameter. The adjusting step may include selecting a serial or parallel arrangement for the capacitors based on a value of the electrical parameter.

Abstract: A method of operating an electrotherapy device that provides advantages over prior art approaches. In one embodiment, the electrotherapy device stores collected information in a detachable memory device and uses a clock within the memory device to associate a time information with the electrotherapy information. The time information is useful for producing later reports or displays of the collected information by the electrotherapy device or by another device to which the detachable memory device has been attached. The invention is also an electrotherapy system including: an electrotherapy device, the electrotherapy device including a memory device port; and a memory device, the memory device including a connector adapted to be connected to the electrotherapy device memory port, a clock, and a digital memory.

Abstract: This invention provides an external defibrillator and defibrillation method that automatically compensates for patient-to-patient impedance differences in the delivery of electrotherapeutic pulses for defibrillation and cardioversion. In a preferred embodiment, the defibrillator has an energy source that may be discharged through electrodes on the patient to provide a biphasic voltage or current pulse. In one aspect of the invention, the first and second phase duration and initial first phase amplitude are predetermined values. In a second aspect of the invention, the duration of the first phase of the pulse may be extended if the amplitude of the first phase of the pulse fails to fall to a threshold value by the end of the predetermined first phase duration, as might occur with a high impedance patient.

Abstract: This invention provides an external defibrillator and defibrillation method that automatically compensates for patient-to-patient impedance differences in the delivery of electrotherapeutic pulses for defibrillation and cardioversion. In a preferred embodiment, the defibrillator has an energy source that may be discharged through electrodes on the patient to provide a biphasic voltage or current pulse. In one aspect of the invention, the first and second phase duration and initial first phase amplitude are predetermined values. In a second aspect of the invention, the duration of the first phase of the pulse may be extended if the amplitude of the first phase of the pulse fails to fall to a threshold value by the end of the predetermined first phase duration, as might occur with a high impedance patient.

Abstract: A method for gathering event data using a data gathering instrument having an instrument clock and an instrument data storage medium, the method comprising the steps of: gathering event data using the data gathering instrument; storing the event data in an instrument data storage medium; using an instrument clock to associate time information with the event data; storing the associated time information in the instrument data storage medium; separating the instrument data storage medium from the data gathering instrument; separating the instrument clock from the data gathering instrument; and storing in a main data storage medium the event data and the time information stored in the instrument data storage medium. The invention also includes a data gathering system practicing this method, the data gathering instrument itself, and removable instrument clock and memory modules, preferably disposed together in a housing such as a PCMCIA format card.

Abstract: A method for gathering event data using a data gathering instrument having an instrument clock and an instrument data storage medium, the method comprising the steps of: gathering event data using the data gathering instrument; storing the event data in an instrument data storage medium; using an instrument clock to associate time information with the event data; storing the associated time information in the instrument data storage medium; separating the instrument data storage medium from the data gathering instrument; separating the instrument clock from the data gathering instrument; and storing in a main data storage medium the event data and the time information stored in the instrument data storage medium. The invention also includes a data gathering system practicing this method, the data gathering instrument itself, and removable instrument clock and memory modules, preferably disposed together in a housing such as a PCMCIA format card.

Abstract: A defibrillator featuring a treatment mode and a training mode comprises an energy source, an electrode connector, a controller, and training mode circuitry. The controller comprises a feature for connecting the energy source to the electrode connector and a pause actuator for permitting a user to inhibit electrical stimulation when no longer required. The training mode circuitry simulates the operation of the defibrillator in treatment mode.

Abstract: A strain gauge and method of making same for use in certain medical applications, such as sensing the occurrence of an apnea event. The device is also applicable to monitoring mechanical motion associated with other medical conditions. The strain gauge actually measures the change in direct current resistance produced by stretching and compression of a number of carbon deposits coupled in series on a longitudinally extendible substrate. This extendibility is produced by suitably die cutting a flexible but inherently inelastic insulative substrate. The easily produced device may be used externally or encapsulated for implantation.

Abstract: A plurality of flow sensors are fabricated on a single substrate. The substrate is laid out to provide the proper physical relationship of the individual sensors. The resulting multiple sensor structure may be effectively used as a respiration detector by positioning a different sensor element at each of the airflow orifices (i.e., two nostrils and mouth) of a patient. In the preferred embodiment, the sensors are thermoresistive elements, which are screened on the substrate using conductive ink. The change in temperature of the air flow in relation to the ambient at each orifice provides an indication of the flow and may be used to determine the extent of the flow. The substrate is packaged in a single piece adhesive strip which provides ease of proper attachment by the patient.

Abstract: A system for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea packaged in a collar which can be worn by a patient without any special preparation. The collar is adjustable using a fastener such as hook and latch, to accommodate variations in neck size. The collar is properly oriented using variations in physical shape and/or color. An optional feedback system permits the patient to readily verify proper orientation.The collar contains at least one sensor to monitor functioning of the respiratory system of the patient.The output of the sensor(s) is processed by battery powered electronics located within or in proximity to the collar. When an apnea episode is detected, the electronics module generates bursts of pulsatile current which are conducted to electrodes located on and positioned by the collar or in proximity to the collar.

Abstract: The tubular trash net is a cleaning and collecting device for pre-treatment of sewage, where the water which is to be separated from waste trash materials is led through a collecting net (8), after which the net (8) containing the separated trash is drawn through mechanically-driven rollers (10) which simultaneously de-water the trash prior to its being conveyed, together with the used net (8), to a container for disposal, while runoff pre-treated water is sent on for either further treatment or deep-water outfall.