Abstract: A turbine lubricant consisting of (A) alkylated diphenylamine and/or phenylnaphthylamines, and (B) sulfurized olefins and/or sulfurized fatty acids and/or ashless dithiocarbamates and/or tetraalkylthiuram disulfides, with the balance containing (C) base oils characterized by very low sulfur contents (<0.03 wt %) and a high level of saturates (>90 volume %), and optionally (D) neutral rust inhibitors, show superior oxidative stability and provide adequate corrosion protection and sludge control for turbine oil and R&O oil applications.

Abstract: Polyalkyl (meth)acrylate copolymers comprising from about 12 to about 18 weight percent methyl methacrylate; from about 75 to about 85 weight percent of a C10-C15 alkyl (meth)acrylate; and from about 2 to about 5 weight percent of a nitrogen-containing dispersant monomer provide excellent low temperature properties to lubricating oils.

Abstract: The reaction product of at least one C5-C60 carboxylic acid and at least one amine selected from the group consisting of guanidine, aminoguanidine, urea, thioruea and salts thereof is useful as a gear oil additive. The lubricant formulations exhibit excellent low and high temperature rheology and are particularly suited for use in automotive and industrial gear applications. Lubricants of the present invention exhibit improved performance properties, such as increased axle efficiencies and lower axle temperatures, improved limited slip performance, reduced chatter, improved frictional durability and/or improved power divider performance compared to lubricant formulations that do not contain said reaction products.

Abstract: Reaction products of i) a compound containing at least one primary or secondary amine group and at least one hydroxyl group; ii) a polyamine containing at least two amine groups wherein at least one of the amine groups is a primary or secondary amine, and wherein component ii) is different from i); iii) an alkyl-substituted hydroxyaromatic compound, and iv) an aldehyde, provide improved detergency as well as improved lubricity to hydrocarbon fuels. Compositions comprising a hydrocarbon fuel and the reaction products are also disclosed.

Abstract: Poly (meth) acrylate copolymers comprising from about 5 to about 60 weight percent of a C11-C15 alkyl (meth) acrylate; and from about 95 to about 40 weight percent of a C16-C30 alkyl (meth) acrylate provide excellent low temperature properties to lubricating oils.

Abstract: Hydraulic or industrial functional fluids which exhibit excellent demulse performance are prepared comprising at least one oil-soluble polyoxypropylene glycol monoalkyl ether.

Abstract: Unleaded aviation gasolines having heats of combustion and octane qualities deemed necessary for use under actual service conditions are formed from blends of specified proportions of aviation alkylate, ether blending agent, a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and optionally other appropriate hydrocarbons falling in the gasoline boiling range.

Abstract: Unleaded aviation gasolines of enhanced properties are described. They satisfy at least the octane and heat content specifications of ASTM D 910-90. Also described are unleaded aviation gasolines which satisfy all of the specifications of ASTM D 910-90. The fuels also prevent or at least inhibit exhaust valve recession or wear during use in aviation engines, especially those designed to operate on leaded aviation fuel. The fuels of the invention contain a cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compound. Preferably the fuels are made up of a blend of at least about 80% by volume of aviation alkylate gasoline, up to about 10% by volume of a gasoline-soluble dialkyl ether gasoline blending agent, from about 0.25 to about 0.

Abstract: Use of at least one friction modifier to reduce micropitting of a metal surface, which comprises lubricating the metal surface with a lubricant composition comprising the at least one friction modifier, wherein the at least one friction modifier is selected such that micropitting is reduced when the metal surface is so lubricated.

Abstract: Mannich reaction products are disclosed as additives for hydrocarbon fuels. The Mannich reaction products are added to a low sulfur content, middle-distillate, compression ignition fuels in an amount effective to improve the lubricity of the fuel, typically within the range of from about 10 to about 1000 parts of additive per million parts fuel (ppm w/w), and thereby reduce the wear occasioned upon the fuel pump. Compositions comprising a hydrocarbon fuel and the reaction product are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lubricating oil composition which contains from about 50 to 1000, preferably 50 to 500 parts per million of molybdenum from a molybdenum compound which is oil-soluble and substantially free of reactive sulfur, about 1,000 to 20,000, preferably 1,000 to 10,000 parts per million of a diarylamine and about 2,000 to 40,000 parts per million of a phenate. This combination of ingredients provides improved oxidation control and improved deposit control to the lubricating oil. The composition is particularly suited for use as a crankcase lubricant.

Abstract: A novel cigarette adapted for use in an electrical cigarette system comprising a tobacco rod having filled and unfilled tobacco rod portions and being arranged so that electrical heater elements may overlap the filled and unfilled tobacco rod portions. The tobacco rod includes a tobacco web rolled into tubular form. The tobacco web is constructed in accordance with a novel process comprising the steps of converting tobacco feedstock into a continuous sheet of tobacco web and converting the continuous sheet of tobacco web into one or more bobbins of tobacco web suitable for automated manufacture of cigarettes.

Abstract: Hydromagnesite-magnesium hydroxide compositions which, when used as fillers in smoking article wrappers, significantly reduce the amount of sidestream smoke produced by the burning smoking article while providing the smoking article with good subjective characteristics.

Abstract: A cigarette identifier system comprising an infrared emitter and an infrared detector located across an opening of a cigarette receiver, wherein the sensor registers changes in the transmission of the infrared beam across the opening so as to detect the differences in transmissivity of dense and less dense and portions of an inserted cigarette.

Abstract: A novel electrical smoking system and method of establishing resistance to draw upon a cigarette while smoking a cigarette in an electrical smoking system comprising the step of operatively interposing a frit between a source of ambient air and the cigarette.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing, capturing and disposing of the waste start up web of paper in high-speed manufacturing procedures which involve a converting step, e.g. laser perforation or the like. Specifically, the converting apparatus and the web speed are carefully and precisely controlled by a programmable logic controller to result in a rapid production of converted web with a minimum of waste. The apparatus and method are tuned by sampling the waste and web for conversion quality, and using that information to adjust the converting apparatus and bias that adjustment for maximum reduction in waste.

Abstract: A novel photonic-electronic smoking system comprising a cigarette and a photonic operated electronic lighter, together with methodologies of smoking a cigarette, the lighter comprising a receptacle for removably receiving a cigarette; a photonic source; an optical train establishing a plurality of optical pathways from said photonic source to a plurality of locations at the received cigarette; a source of electrical power; a puff sensor responsive to a drawing action upon a cigarette received by said receptacle; and a controller responsive to said puff sensor for controllably communicating said source of electrical power with said photonic source so that upon drawing action upon the received cigarette, the photonic source discharges along said optical pathway to heat a region of said cigarette adjacent at least one of said locations.

Abstract: Hydromagnesite-magnesium hydroxide compositions are prepared which, when used as fillers in smoking article wrappers, significantly reduce the amount of sidestream smoke produced by the burning smoking article while providing the smoking article with good subjective characteristics.

Abstract: A novel cigarette adapted for use in an electrical cigarette system comprising a tobacco rod having filled and unfilled tobacco rod portions and being arranged so that electrical heater elements may overlap the filled and unfilled tobacco rod portions. The tobacco rod includes a tobacco web rolled into tubular form. The tobacco web is constructed in accordance with a novel process comprising the steps of converting tobacco feedstock into a continuous sheet of tobacco web and converting the continuous sheet of tobacco web into one or more bobbins of tobacco web suitable for automated manufacture of cigarettes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cigarette identifier system comprising a coil at a location along the cigarette-receiving receptacle of the lighter, an oscillation circuit in communication with the coil and a controller configured to activate or deactivate the lighter responsively to output of the oscillator circuit.