Abstract: The present invention provides a method of preparing ortho-difluorobenzene derivatives, which comprises (a) providing a mixture of cyclohexenes by reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and 1.3-diene in a flow reactor and distilling the resultant, and (b) dehydrohalogenating the mixture of cyclohexenes with a phase transition catalyst in :he presence of alkali metal hydroxide at temperature range of 40 to 150.degree. C. without using any organic solvent. The distillate having low boiling point, which is obtained during distillation of the resultant, is recycled into the flow reactor. The present invention also provides a method of preparing 2-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoic acid, which comprises (a) providing a mixture of 4-chloro-1-methyl-4,5,5-trifluorocyclohexene and 5-chloro-1-methyl-4,4,5-trifluorocyclohexene by reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) and isoprene and distilling the resultant.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of TNFR1. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding TNFR1. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of TNFR1 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of TNFR1 are provided.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of CD71. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding CD71. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of CD71 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of CD71 are provided.

Abstract: Methods of preventing or treating ischemia-reperfusion injury in an organ by administration of a composition containing a selective A.sub.1 adenosine receptor antagonist and/or a P.sub.2X purinoceptor antagonist are provided. Methods of preventing or treating endotoxin-related tissue injury by administration of a composition containing a selective A.sub.1 adenosine receptor antagonist and/or a P.sub.2X purinoceptor antagonist are also provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of novel anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related proteins. Antisense oligonucleotides targeted to nucleic acids encoding the human novel anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related proteins A1 and mcl-1 are preferred. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of novel anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related protein expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of novel anti-apoptotic bcl-2-related proteins are also provided. Also provided are methods of using these compounds for promoting apoptosis and for treatment of diseases for which promotion of apoptosis is desired.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases or disorders amenable to treatment through modulation of expression of a nucleic acid encoding a lymphocyte function associated antigen 3 (LFA-3; also known as CD58) protein are provided.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides are provided which are specifically hybridizable with nucleic acids encoding the human MDR1 P-glycoprotein. Also disclosed are methods of using the oligonucleotides of the invention in methods of modulating the expression of MDR genes, inhibition of which leads to inhibition of the synthesis of MDR P-glycoproteins and thereby inhibits cellular multidrug resistance. Such inhibition is desirable for treating various hyperproliferative disorders or diseases, such as various cancers, in conjunction with chemotherapy utilizing one or more chemotherapeutic agents, for preventing or modulating the development of multidrug resistance during the chemotherapeutic treatment of an animal, and for resensitizing hyperproliferative MDR cells in an animal having such diseases or disorders that has been previously exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. Modified derivatives of the oligonucleotides of the invention, such as chimeras and conjugates (e.g.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of cREL. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding cREL. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of cREL expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of cREL are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides polynucleotides and polypeptides encoded thereby of human Type 2 RNase H. Methods of using these polynucleotides and polypeptides in enhancing antisense oligonucleotide therapies are also provided.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides are provided which are targeted to nucleic acids encoding human c-raf and capable of inhibiting raf expression. The oligonucleotides contain a methoxyethoxy (2'-O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3) modification at the 2' position of at least one nucleotide. Methods of inhibiting the expression of human raf using oligonucleotides of the invention are also provided. The present invention further comprises methods of inhibiting hyperproliferation of cells and methods of treating abnormal proliferative conditions which employ oligonucleotides of the invention.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of microtubule-associated protein 4. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding microtubule-associated protein 4. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of microtubule-associated protein 4 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of microtubule-associated protein 4 are provided.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of G-alpha-12. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding G-alpha-12. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of G-alpha-12 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of G-alpha-12 are provided.

Abstract: A viscous liquid dispenser (1) having a dispensing container (6) with a dispenser bottom (2) having a multiplicity of drainage holes (3) a grooved track (5) within the inside wall of the dispensing container parallel to and above the dispenser bottom, and a slidable damming plate (4) having a multiplicity of drainage holes (3) which is mounted in the grooved track and is capable of sliding between a closed position (FIG. 2) wherein the drainage holes of the slidable damming plate and the dispenser bottom are not aligned and an open position (FIG. 3) wherein the drainage holes of the slidable damming plate and the dispenser bottom are aligned is provided.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases or disorders amenable to treatment through modulation of Activating Protein 1 (AP-1) expression are provided. In accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, oligonucleotides are provided which are specifically hybridizable with c-fos or c-jun, the genes encoding c-Fos or c-Jun, respectively. In a preferred embodiment, a method of modulating the metastasis of malignant tumors via modulation of one or more of the AP-1 subunits is provided; this method can be effected using the oligonucleotides of the invention or any other agent which modulates AP-1 or AP-1-mediated transcription.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of Sentrin. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding Sentrin. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of Sentrin expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of Sentrin are provided.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of Interleukin-15. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding Interleukin-15. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of Interleukin-15 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of Interleukin-15 are provided.

Abstract: Antisense oligonucleotides are provided which are capable of inhibiting HBV replication. These oligonucleotides are specifically hybridizable with HBV RNAs which encode a P gene product, S gene product or C gene product, or with the 5' cap region, U5 region, .epsilon. region or translation initiation site of HBV RNA. Methods of diagnosing HBV infection, methods of inhibiting HBV replication, methods of treating an HBV infection and methods of treating or preventing HBV-associated diseases using the oligonucleotides of the invention are also provided. Such diseases may include acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, or hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract: Oligonucleotides are provided which are targeted to nucleic acids encoding human raf and capable of inhibiting raf expression. Methods of inhibiting the expression of human raf using oligonucleotides of the invention are also provided. The present invention further comprises methods of preventing or inhibiting hyperproliferation of cells and methods of treating abnormal proliferative conditions which employ oligonucleotides of the invention.

Abstract: Antisense compounds, compositions and methods are provided for modulating the expression of G-alpha-13. The compositions comprise antisense compounds, particularly antisense oligonucleotides, targeted to nucleic acids encoding G-alpha-13. Methods of using these compounds for modulation of G-alpha-13 expression and for treatment of diseases associated with expression of G-alpha-13 are provided.

Abstract: A method for decreasing the inflammation associated with a chronic inflammatory intestinal condition in a patient is provided wherein the patient is administered an effective amount of a differentiating agent.