Abstract: A refractile material containing a heterologous protein is recovered from a host microorganism cell culture transformed to produce the protein. One recovery process involves first reducing the ionic strength of the culture medium prior to disruption to a level effective in preventing reaggregation of cellular debris with refractile material after disruption, disrupting the desalted culture, optionally adding material to the disruptate to create a density or viscosity gradient and separating the refractile material from the cellular debris by high-speed centrifugation. Preferably the salt removal step is carried out by diafiltration and the heterologous protein comprises recombinant M-CSF, IL-2 or IFN-.beta..

Abstract: A method and a cloning vector are described for the controlled accumulation of cloned heterologous gene products in Bacillus subtilis. The cloning vector is capable of being replicated in B. subtilis and includes the heterologous gene located and oriented such as to be under the control of an operator, promoter, and ribosomal binding site sequence. The gene codes for a protein which is under the control of a transport mechanism by which the protein is secreted by the B. subtilis. The gene product is recovered from the growth medium for the B. subtilis. The cloning vector is also capable of similar use in other bacteria such as E. coli.

Abstract: A halogenation method using a haloperoxidase obtained from a fungus selected from the dematiaceous hyphomycetes. The enzyme has an optimum activity above about pH 5.0, and can oxidize chloride, bromide, or iodide ions.

Abstract: A method of producing a non-heme haloperoxidase which is substantially resistant to inactivation, at room temperature, in up to 0.3M H.sub.2 O.sub.2 for up to 25 hours, and up to 0.5 mM HOCl for up to two minutes. One such haloperoxidase, isolated from Curvularia inaequalis, contains about 2 gram atoms of zinc per molecule. A halogenation reaction employing the enzyme can be performed at H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and hypohalous acid concentrations which produce rapid inactivation of heme-containing haloperoxidases.