Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrofluorocarbon for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor. The compositions may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
November 13, 2007
Date of Patent:
January 20, 2009
Assignee:
E.I. Du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors:
Barbara Haviland Minor, Mario Joseph Nappa, Allen Capron Sievert, Thomas J. Leck
Abstract: Disclosed herein are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, particularly in centrifugal compressor systems. Also disclosed are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene in combination with hydrocarbons, which are azeotropic or near azeotropic.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
April 25, 2006
Date of Patent:
November 11, 2008
Inventors:
Mario Joseph Nappa, Barbara Haviland Minor, Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao
Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising hydrofluorocarbon, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-[(pentafluoroethyl)thio]ethane r mixtures thereof, which are useful in refrigerain or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab.single pass heat exchangers.
Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems comprising 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, or mixtures thereof. Further, the present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor comprising 1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, or mixtures thereof. The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat or as heat transfer fluids.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for making single or multiple planar array five layer membrane electrode assemblies utilizing array assemblies, as well as the array assemblies themselves, comprising proton exchange membrane (PEM), catalyst coated membranes (CCM) and gas diffusion layers (GDL), as well as gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) for use in fuel cells, wherein the process is practical, efficient and scalable.
Abstract: Compositions of 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4(trifluoromethyl)-3 pentanone can be used in heat transfer refrigeration and air conditioning systems. The compositions may be in combination with fluoroethers. The compositions may be azeotropic or near azeotropic.
Abstract: The present invention relates to Disclosed herein are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, particularly in centrifugal compressor systems. Also disclosed are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene in combination with fluoroethers, which are azeotropic or near azeotropic.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
April 25, 2006
Date of Patent:
August 19, 2008
Assignee:
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors:
Mario Joseph Nappa, Barbara Haviland Minor, Allen Capron Sievert, Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao
Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems comprising at least one hydrocarbon, and which are also useful in systems employing a centrifugal compressor The are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat or as heat transfer fluids.
Abstract: Conductivity of carboxylic acid membranes can be increased for use in fuel cells when the membrane comprises a Lewis base, which has, in its protonated form, a pKa greater than the pKa of the carboxylic acid groups of the membrane. When the invention is employed in direct methanol fuel cells, water transport and methanol crossover though the membrane are decreased compared to conventional direct methanol fuel cells employing sulfonic acid membranes.
Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising fluoroether, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane, and hydrofluorocarbon, which are useful in refrigeration or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab/single pass heat exchangers.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 8, 2007
Date of Patent:
April 8, 2008
Assignee:
E. I. du Pont deNemours and Company
Inventors:
Barbara Haviland Minor, Mario J. Nappa, Allen C. Sievert
Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems comprising 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, or mixtures thereof. Further, the present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor comprising 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, or mixtures thereof. The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing cooling or heat or as heat transfer fluids.
Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrocarbon. These compositions are useful in refrigeration and air conditioning systems that employ a centrifugal compressor. Also disclosed herein are azeotropic or near azeotropic refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrocarbon.
Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-[(pentafluoroethyl)thio]ethane or mixtures thereof, and which are also useful in systems employing a centrifugal compressor. The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing refrigeration or heat or as heat transfer fluids.
Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrofluorocarbon for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor. The compositions may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 19, 2006
Date of Patent:
January 1, 2008
Assignee:
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors:
Barbara Haviland Minor, Mario Joseph Nappa, Allen Capron Sievert, Thomas J. Leck
Abstract: The present invention relates to Disclosed herein are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, particularly in centrifugal compressor systems. Also disclosed are 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-1-hexene in combination with hydrofluorocarbons, which are azeotropic or near azeotropic.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
April 25, 2006
Date of Patent:
September 4, 2007
Assignee:
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors:
Mario Joseph Nappa, Barbara Haviland Minor, Allen Capron Sievert, Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao
Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane refrigerant or heat transfer fluid compositions further comprising fluoroether, which are useful in refrigerain or air conditioning apparatus or as heat transfer fluids. The compositions of the present invention are also useful in centrifugal compressor apparatus that employ two-stage compressors or single slab single pass heat exchangers.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
January 30, 2006
Date of Patent:
April 10, 2007
Assignee:
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors:
Barbara Haviland Minor, Mario J. Nappa, Allen C. Sievert
Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrofluorocarbon for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems employing a centrifugal compressor. The compositions may be azeotropic or near-azeotropic.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
February 22, 2005
Date of Patent:
December 26, 2006
Assignee:
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors:
Barbara Haviland Minor, Mario J. Nappa, Allen C. Sievert, Thomas J. Leck
Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions for use in refrigeration and air conditioning systems comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one chlorocarbon, alcohol, ketone, ether, ester, N-(difluoromethyl)-N,N-dimethylamine, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-[(pentafluoroethyl)thio]ethane or mixtures thereof, and which are also useful in systems employing a centrifugal compressor The compositions of the present invention may be azeotropic or near azeotropic and are useful in processes for producing refrigeration or heat or as heat transfer fluids.
Abstract: Disclosed herein are refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrocarbon. These compositions are useful in refrigeration and air conditioning systems that employ a centrifugal compressor. Also disclosed herein are azeotropic or near azeotropic refrigerant and heat transfer fluid compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pentanone and at least one hydrocarbon.
Abstract: This invention provides polymer filaments having a multilobal cross-section. The cross-section can have a filament factor of about 2.0 or greater and a tip ratio of greater than about 0.2. The filaments may be used as-spun as a spin-oriented feed yarn or as a direct use yarn. The multifilament yarns made from these filaments are useful to make articles with subdued luster and low glitter.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
May 23, 2001
Date of Patent:
January 6, 2004
Assignee:
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
Inventors:
Stephen B. Johnson, H. Vaughn Samuelson