Abstract: This invention relates generally to spine surgery and, in particular, to methods and apparatus for treating spinal stenosis.

Abstract: A total disc replacement (TDR) system for use in the spine and related methods, involving a first anchor plate having a first surface for engaging a first vertebra and a second surface including a semi-cylindrical surface, a second anchor plate having a first surface for engaging a second vertebra and a second surface including a semi-cylindrical surface, a pair of intradiscal liners, each having a first semi-cylindrical surface for engaging with said anchor plates and a second semi-cylindrical surface for engaging with an intradiscal element, and an intradiscal element including a first articular surface having a generally arcuate cross-section for articulating with said first intradiscal liner, and a second articular surface having a generally arcuate cross-section for articulating with said second intradiscal liner.