Abstract: A process for preparing a fluorinated product comprising: (a) reacting a molar excess of an aliphatic starting compound in liquid phase with fluorine in the presence of actinic radiation to produce a product mixture containing a fluorinated product having at least one hydrogen atom; and (b) recovering the fluorinated product from the product stream.

Abstract: Premixes of a polyol suitable for polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam preparation, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and optionally additives and/or auxiliary blowing agents which do not require a stabilizer to inhibit reaction between the fluorocarbon and the polyol. These mixtures are useful for polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam preparation.

Abstract: A system and process for producing a fluorinated organic compound, said process comprising (a) reacting an organic compound with a fluorinations agent in the presence of a liquid-phase fluorinations catalyst to produce a product stream; (b) scrubbing said product stream to remove a substantial portion of said catalyst to form a low-catalyst content product stream; and (c) recovering said fluorinated organic compound from said low-catalyst content stream.

Abstract: A method for aerating an ethylene oxide-sterilized article, said method comprising exposing said article to at least one co-adsorbate under conditions such that said co-adsorbate remains vaporized, said co-adsorbate having a partial pressure under said conditions sufficient to displace at least a portion of ethylene oxide adsorbed by said article.

Abstract: A chemically modified mica composite formed by heating a trioctahedral mica in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride having a concentration of at least 1 mole/liter at a temperature greater than 180 degrees Centigrade for at least 20 hours, thereby replacing exchangeable ions in the mica with sodium. Formation is accomplished at temperatures and pressures which are easily accessed by industrial equipment. The reagent employed is inexpensive and non-hazardous, and generates a precipitate which is readily separated from the modified mica.

Abstract: The present invention provides refrigerant blends which are replacements for chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). The present blends have refrigeration characteristics which are similar to HCFC-22. The blends comprise from about 10 to about 90 weight percent of a first component selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, difluoromethane, propane, and mixtures thereof; from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a second component selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, fluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, inorganic compound, and mixtures thereof having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range from about -90 degrees C to less than -50 degrees C; and from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of a third component which is hydrofluorocarbon having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, other than 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in the range from about -50 degrees C to about -10 degrees C.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compositions of 1-bromopropane and at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, tetrahydrofuran, nitromethane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, hexane, 1,3-dioxolane, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane, 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5, 5-decafluoropentane, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexane and more particularly to azeotrope-like compositions based on these compounds which are useful as solvents in refrigeration flushing, oxygen system cleaning and vapor degreasing applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in a process in which chlorine and difluoromethane are present in a distillation column, for example, a fluorination reaction. By controlling the chlorine feed such that the concentration of chlorine relative to difluoromethane in the distillation column is maintained below about 22 weight percent (the flammability threshold for chlorine in a mixture of difluoromethane and chlorine), formation of a flammable difluoromethane/chlorine mixture may be minimized or avoided. The invention is particularly useful in a process for the preparation of difluoromethane wherein at least one distillation column separates difluoromethane from unreacted starting materials such as methylene chloride, hydrogen fluoride and monochloromonofluoromethane.

Abstract: The invention relates to the addition of .alpha.-methyl styrene, isobutanol and/or isopropanol to reduce vapor pressure, improve k-factor, enhance the solubility of the blowing agent in the premix and/or improve the processing characteristics of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate closed-cell foams prepared with a blowing agent comprising a hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An improved thermal energy storage system and a process for thermal energy storage and transfer are disclosed. The cooling medium, a clathrate forming mixture, comprises water, and a hydrofluorocarbon having at least three carbon atoms and a molecular diameter less than about 7 .ANG.. Preferably the hydrofluorocarbon is selected from hydrofluoropropanes and more preferably is selected from the group consisting of CHF.sub.2 CHFCHF.sub.2, CF.sub.2 HCF.sub.2 CH.sub.2 F, CF.sub.3 CHFCH.sub.2 F, CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CHFCF.sub.2 H, CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, CH.sub.2 FCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CHF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 H, and CF.sub.3 CFHCFHCF.sub.3.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorinated organic compound comprising: (a) reacting an organic starting material with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a fluorination catalyst and an HFC reaction solvent to produce a product stream containing the fluorinated organic compound wherein the reaction solvent has a boiling point higher than that of the fluorinated organic compound; and (b) recovering the fluorinated organic compound from the product stream.

Abstract: Provided are azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) and hydrogen fluoride. Such are useful as an intermediate in the production of HFC-245fa. The latter is useful as a nontoxic, zero ozone depleting fluorocarbon useful as a solvent, blowing agent, refrigerant, cleaning agent, aerosol propellant, heat transfer medium, dielectric, fire extinguishing composition and power cycle working fluid.

Abstract: The invention provides non-antimony containing polymerization catalysts for the condensation of polyesters. The catalyst is in the form of a clear chlorine and/or bromine containing solution of a metal glycoxide and a metal glycolate having a pH in the range of from 0 to about 1, and containing chlorine and/or bromine atoms at a number ratio of chlorine and/or bromine to total metal cations in the catalyst ranging from about 0.5:1 to about 3:1. Polyesters produced with this catalyst have improved melt elasticity, and higher melt viscosity. The former property is desirable for the preparation of large and complex shaped polyester containers, and the latter property is desirable for melt spinning of industrial grade fibers and tire cords.

Abstract: Process for the production of alkoxycarbonyldipeptides intermediates in the synthesis of the lisinopril which comprises protecting both amino functions of the L-lysine with an alkoxycarbonyl group, subsequently making the N-carboxyanhydride of the N6-[alkoxycarbonyl]-L-lysine by treatment with thionyl chloride and making the desired alkoxycarbonyldipeptide by reaction with L-proline in alkaline medium.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic fluorination of hydrochlorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in the liquid phase. The process is useful for fluorinating hydrochloropropanes, hydrochlorofluoropropanes, hydrochloropropenes and hydrochlorofluoropropenes and most particularly useful for fluorinating 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane to 1,1,1,3,3-pentafloropropane.

Abstract: Novel trifluoromethylated intermediates are provided which are useful in synthesizing trifluoromethylated organic compounds. Specifically, compounds of the formula CF.sub.3 CR are provided, wherein R is (Cl).dbd.CHCH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 Ph, (Cl).dbd.CHCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 C(.dbd.O)CH.sub.3, (Cl).dbd.CHCH.sub.2 CH(COCH.sub.3).sub.2, (Cl).dbd.CHCH.sub.2 NR'R" or H.dbd.CHCH.dbd.NR'; R' and R" are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 straight chain or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.3 to C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 alkenyl, a benzyl group unsubstituted or substituted with R'", or a phenyl group unsubstituted or substituted with R'"; or R' and R" taken together form a five- or six-membered ring; and R'" is an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 straight chain or branched alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.

Abstract: Provided are azeotropic and azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) and hydrogen fluoride. Such are useful as an intermediate in the production of HFC-245fa. The latter is useful as a nontoxic, zero ozone depleting fluorocarbon useful as a solvent, blowing agent, refrigerant, cleaning agent, aerosol propellant, heat transfer medium, dielectric, fire extinguishing composition and power cycle working fluid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of fluorinated propanes and propenes. CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 is produced from CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 by the sequential steps of dehydrofluorination, a reduction, and a second dehydrofluorination in which the same catalyst is preferably used for each step. Preferably the catalysts is palladium on carbon. The process provides the steps of passing CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 over a Pd/C catalyst to form CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CHF; hydrogenating CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CHF over a Pd/C catalyst to give CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 F; and passing CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 F over a Pd/C catalyst to give CF.sub.3 CH.dbd.CH.sub.2.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions of ethylene oxide and heptafluoropropane and a method of sterilization using same. These environmentally acceptable compositions are chemically stable, minimally segregating, compatible with the objects being sterilized; provide sufficient vapor pressure to deliver the blend to the sterilization chamber, and possess improved flammability suppressant characteristics.

Abstract: A process for preparing 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane from a hydrochlorocarbon of the formula C.sub.3 H.sub.y Cl.sub.x, wherein x is an integer from 3 to 5, y is an integer from 1 to 3, x+y=4, 6, or 8, and x-y=2 is provided.