Abstract: An aqueous low temperature oxidation (ALTO) process wherein a catalyst or catalyst precursor constituted of a solids support, or powder component, and a metal, or metals component, inclusive of cobalt, is oxidized, reduced and rendered catalytically active for conducting carbon monoxide hydrogenation reactions. The cobalt catalyst or cobalt catalyst precursor is thus contacted at low temperature with an oxidant in the presence of water (e.g., water to which an oxidant is added), sufficient to oxidize the cobalt metal, or metals component of the catalyst or catalyst precursor. On reduction, the hydrogenation activity of the cobalt catalyst is increased. All or a portion of the cobalt metal of the catalyst precursor is oxidized to form a Co2+ cationic or oxo-anionic species at least during the initial phase of the reaction.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon synthesis (HCS) process wherein a Fischer-Tropsch reactor is operated to maximize the selectivity to 371° C.+ boiling fraction while minimizing the production of less valuable products such as light gases (C1-C4), naphtha and diesel fractions. Inventive modes of operation to offset the effects of catalyst deactivation and maximize selectivity to 371° C.+ boiling fraction are utilized including (a) reducing gas inlet velocity to maintain an optimal CO conversion level, (b) introducing additional active catalyst until a maximum loading is reached, and (c) increasing reactor temperature until productivity reaches a predetermined cut-off level.

Abstract: Stable hydrocarbon in water emulsions are formed by emulsifying the hydrocarbon with a non-ionic surfactant and water obtained from the Fischer-Tropsch process.

Abstract: A process for the desulfurization, and reactivation of a sulfur deactivated catalyst constituted of cobalt composited with a titania support. The sulfur deactivated cobalt titania catalyst is first contacted with a gaseous stream of molecular oxygen at temperature sufficiently high to oxidize the sulfur component of the catalyst. The sulfur oxidized catalyst is next contacted with a liquid, preferably water, to remove the oxide, or oxides of the sulfur. The catalyst is then contacted with a reducing agent, suitably hydrogen, to restore the activity of the catalyst. During the treatment there is no substantial loss, if any, of cobalt from the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the partial catalytic oxidation of a hydrocarbon containing feed comprising contacting the feed with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst retained within a reaction zone in a fixed arrangement, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of silver and Group VIII elements supported on a porous ceramic carrier. The porous ceramic carrier has a distribution of total pores wherein about 70% of the total pores (1) have a volume-to-surface area (V/S) ration that is within about 20% of the mean V/S value for the total pores and no pores have a V/S ration that is greater than twice the mean V/S value for the total pores; (2) have a pore-to-pore distance between neighboring pores that is within about 25% of the mean pore-to-pore distance between neighboring pores; and (3) have a pore throat area that is within about 50% of the mean pore throat are for the pores.

Abstract: A premium synthetic lubricating oil base stock having a high VI and low pour point is made by hydroisomerizing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesized waxy, paraffinic feed wax and then dewaxing the hydroisomerate to form a 650-750° F.+ dewaxate. The waxy feed has an initial boiling point in the range of about 650-750° F., from which it continuously boils up to at least 1050° F. and has a T90−T10 temperature difference of at least 350° F. The feed is preferably hydroisomerized without any pretreatment, other than optional fractionation. The 650-750° F.+ dewaxate is fractionated into two or more base stocks of different viscosity.

Abstract: A particulate, precalcined low silica content zirconia, especially one stabilized with yttria, is useful as a catalyst support or as a heat transfer solids component for conducting chemical reactions at high temperature, in oxidizing, reducing or hydrothermal conditions, especially in syn gas operations. An admixture of precalcined particulate low silica content zirconia, particularly a low silica content yttria-stabilized zirconia, is employed in a preferred embodiment as a heat transfer solid, in concentrations ranging generally from about 10 wt. % to about 99.9 wt. %, with a particulate catalyst, notably a nickel-on-alumina catalyst, in concentration ranging generally from about 0.1 wt. % to about 90 wt. %. Such an admixture provides a particularly useful catalytic contact mass in high temperature oxidizing, reducing and hydrothermal environments, notably in conducting synthesis gas generation operations.

Abstract: Three phase reactions are carried out in a slurry bubble column, e.g., hydrocarbon synthesis, wherein rising gas bubbles fluidize a catalytically active solid dispersed in a liquid phase and in the presence of at least one other solid different chemically or physically from the catalytically active solid.

Abstract: Intramolecular polymer complexes synthesized from acrylamide, sodium styrene sulfonate, and methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, having viscosity-polymer concentration relationships that are invarient with the addition of high levels of acid, base, or salt to the fresh water system. These complexes possess a "balance" between conventional polyelectrolyte and polyampholyte behavior.