Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## including the resolved enantiomers and/or diastereomers and mixtures thereof wherein each of one or two R is independently ##STR2## wherein n is 1-16 and R' is H or alkyl(1-4C); and wherein each remaining R is independently H, alkyl(1-6C), alkenyl(1-6C) or benzyl; an wherein said alkyl or alkenyl may be substituted by a hydroxyl, halo, or dimethylamino group, and/or interrupted by an oxygen atom, are useful in modulating the effects of internal and external stimuli on cells by reversing the effects of these stimuli on the short-term secondary messenger pathways. In particular, the compounds lower elevated levels of unsaturated, non-arachidonate phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) derived from said PA within seconds of the primary stimulus and their contact with said cells. The modulatory effect depends on the nature of the target cell and the stimulus applied.

Abstract: There is disclosed an osmotic concentration cell wherein the flow chamber of the osmotic concentration cell has a continually changing flow path to provide a region of high turbulence to a semipermeable membrane defining the flow chamber. High turbulence at a first semipermeable membrane interface significantly reduces membrane fouling during osmotic concentration and allows for concentration of products with high suspended solids content. The inventive osmotic concentration cell can be used for a variety of purposes including, for example, producing low alcohol wine, concentrating a thin wine into a premium wine, concentrating a low quality grape juice into a higher quality grape juice for fermenting a more premium wine, concentrating various fruit or vegetable juices, and concentrating various beverages, such as teas or coffee.

Abstract: Methods for stimulating platelet production in mammals, comprising administration of interleukin-7 (IL-7), are disclosed.