Abstract: Novel genes have been isolated which encode cytochrome P450 and NADPH reductase enzymes of the &ohgr;-hydroxylase complex of C. tropicalis 20336. Vectors including these genes, transfected host cells and transformed host cells are provided. Methods of producing of cytochrome P450 and NADPH reductase enzymes are also provided which involve transforming a host cell with a gene encoding these enzymes and culturing the cells. Methods of increasing the production of a dicarboxylic acid and methods of increasing production of the aforementioned enzymes are also provided which involve increasing in the host cell the number of genes encoding these enzymes. A method for discriminating members of a gene family by quantifying the expression of genes is also provided.

Abstract: A method for reducing the carbonyl value of a composition containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative includes contacting the composition containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative with an amount of a catalyst and active methylene compound effective to lower the carboxyl value of the composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to proteases with improved application properties in cleaners and detergents. The improvement's achieved by substituting positively charged or uncharged amino acids in the substrate binding region of the wild type subtilisin protease.

Abstract: Mutant B. lentus DSM 5483 proteases are derived by the replacement of at least one amino acid residue of the mature form of the B. lentus DSM 5483 alkaline protease. The mutant proteases are expressed by genes which are mutated by site-specific mutagenesis. The amino acid sites selected for replacement are identified by means of a computer based method which compares the three dimensional structure of the wild-type protease and a reference protease.

Abstract: Mutant B. lentus DSM 5483 proteases are derived by the replacement of at least one amino acid residue of the mature form of the B. lentus DSM 5483 alkaline protease. The mutant proteases are expressed by genes which are mutated by site-specific mutagenesis. The amino acid sites selected for replacement are identified by means of a computer based method which compares the three dimensional structure of the wild-type protease and a reference protease.

Abstract: Increased production of a heterologous cellulase is achieved by transforming Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis with genetic constructs containing a Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 53926 protease promoter and signal sequence to express alkalophilic cellulase genes.

Abstract: A laundry detergent for washing fabrics composed of proteinogenic fibers is comprised of at least one surfactant and a proteolytically active amount of a protease having a keratinase/caseinase activity ratio of less than about 0.80.

Abstract: This invention relates to proteases with improved application properties in cleaners and detergents. The improvement's achieved by substituting positively charged or uncharged amino acids in the substrate binding region of the wild type subtilisin protease.

Abstract: A laundry detergent for washing fabrics composed of proteinogenic fibers is comprised of at least one surfactant and a proteolytically active amount of a protease having a keratinase/caseinase activity ratio of less than about 0.80.

Abstract: The omega-hydroxylase activity in the yeast Candida tropicalis is increased by amplification of the P450ALK and P450RED genes. The specific productivity (grams of dicarboxylic acid/liter/hr) of substantially pure alpha, omega-dicarboxylic acids is increased by culturing C. tropicalis strains having amplified P450ALK and P450RED genes.

Abstract: This invention discloses an expression system which is useful in industrial Bacilli to produce target proteins which include, but are not limited to, alkaline proteases, amylases, cellulases, lipases or other hydrolyases which are normally excreted outside of the host cell.

Abstract: A method and means of safely securing valuables in the form of a break-away handbag. Removable reattachable adjacent bag segments are mounted to each other by means of snaps, VELCRO or the like. One or more bag segments act as a decoy and are positioned facing out and away from the body of the handbag holder while other adjacently placed bag segments designed to hold valuables are positioned more proximate to or up against the handbag holder's body. A shoulder strap is attached to a decoy bag segment and is hung over the user's shoulder. Cavities created between each of the adjacent bag segments are capable of enveloping the handbag holder's hand. When an extraordinary pulling force is exerted upon a decoy bag segment or segments, they will separate from the adjacent valuables bag segment or segments and said valuables bag segment or segments will be retained against or between the handbag holder's hand and body.