Abstract: A long lived high current density cathode is made from a mixture of tungs and iridium powders by processing the mixture of powders with an activator into a porous billet, and then impregnating the billet with a chemical mixture of barium oxide, strontium oxide, and aluminum oxide by firing the billet in a dry hydrogen furnace at a temperature at which the impregnant melts.

Abstract: A magnetic circuit with a frustum-shaped magnet having a longitudinal bore nd circumscribed by a cladding magnet of varying radial thickness with a non-linear outer exterior surface. The cladding magnet is radially magnetized and the frustum-shaped magnet is axially magnetized, resulting in a constant magnetic potential along the non-linear outer exterior surface of the cladding magnet. A laterally uniform longitudinally increasing magnetic field is created within the bore.

Abstract: Two cosited omnidirectional biconical antennas are respectively tilted plus nd minus 45 degrees (.+-.45.degree.) with respect to the vertical and, therefore, are perpendicular (90.degree.) with respect to each other to effect polarization mismatch and near field decoupling. In combination with the described antennae orientation, high impedance cable chokes are added in series with the coaxial cable antennae feed lines to suppress induced parasitic rf currents.

Abstract: A rotating disk electrode of a soft alkali metal reactive to oxygen and mture in the air is made from a stainless steel core, a tubular Teflon sheath, a circular disk electrode of the soft alkali metal, a self-tapping stainless steel screw to secure the soft alkali metal electrode and a steel spring to provide electric contact to the soft alkali metal electrode.

Abstract: The conventional way of achieving an identification, friend or foe (IFF) function for a moveable subject requires the subject to carry a transponder that emits a coded return when a radar pulse is received by its receiver. In the present invention, an IFF system is disclosed which departs from the conventional transponder method and employs no radio-frequency power source. Instead, it uses the scattering or reflecting properties of an antenna to modulate, in a distinctive manner, the radar return from a moveable subject. A binary sequence code generator modulates the impedance of a receiver antenna, with the reflected signal being detected and correlated with a synchronized code sequence at the radar.

Abstract: A magnetic circuit with a remanence varying cylindrical magnet having a b and a remanence varying cladding magnet circumscribing the cylindrical magnet creating a longitudinally increasing axial magnetic field within the bore. The cladding magnet has a radial magnetization transverse to the axial magnetization of the cylindrical magnet resulting in a constant magnetic potential along the outer exterior surface of the magnetic circuit.

Abstract: A phase-scan antenna apparatus including a rod-shaped ferrite dielectric eguide having two non-ferrite dielectric ends, and means for applying a variable magnetic field to the ferrite section.

Abstract: Solid state optically activated switches in which a plurality of spaced cacts are arranged in a line on one of the broad surfaces of a semiconductor wafer and one or more bridging electrodes are arranged on the opposite broad surface thereof. The two end contacts are the switch terminals. This arrangement directs the electric field and the load current into the bulk of the semiconductor in a zig-zag fashion to provide a high hold-off voltage and a short conduction path. Also the bridging electrode can be used as a control electrode. A novel circuit utilizing such switches is shown.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur-dioxide battery (e.g., the BA5847/U) is modified so that can be used both in its customary manner or as a substitute for a standard Leclanche battery (e.g., the BA210/U). Since the aforementioned batteries typically have their connectors at different, distinct locations, the first-mentioned battery is provided with a second set of connectors (i.e., female sockets) which are located at the very same position as the connectors of the battery it may be substituted for. Thus, this battery has two sets of (2-hole) connectors and these are, in turn, interconnected in parallel.

Abstract: An interconnector device permits a lithium-sulfur-dioxide battery (e.g., BA5847/U) to be substituted for a standard Leclanche battery (e.g., the BA200/U). The lithium-type battery can therefore be used in its customary manner or, with the interconnector, as a substitute for the Leclanche battery; battery proliferation is thereby reduced. The interconnector comprises a rectangular wafer of plastic material with a pair of prongs mounted on one flat surface of the wafer and at a location which corresponds to that of female sockets of the lithium-type battery. A pair of coil spring connectors are mounted on the opposite flat surface of the wafer and at locations which correspond to the locations of the coil spring connectors of the Leclanche battery. The prongs and coil spring connectors of the interconnector are electrically interconnected in parallel.

Abstract: A circuit module rapidly calculates a discrete numerical convolution. A convolution such as finding the sum of the products of a 16 bit constant and a 16 bit variable is performed by the module which is programmable so that the constant may be changed for a new problem. In addition, the module may be programmed to find the sum of the products of 4 and 8 bit constants and variables. Random access memories are loaded with partial products of the selected constant and all possible variables. Then, when the actual variable is loaded, it acts as an address to find the correct parital product in the particular RAM. The partial products from all of the RAMs are shifted to the appropriate numerical power position (if necessary) and then added in adder elements.

Abstract: A system of lasers which produces a single pulsed laser beam carrying many channels of digital information simultaneously. The information content of each laser output pulse is determined by the presence or absence of one or more input signal channel frequencies. The presence or absence of each frequency is provided by a plurality of low power CW lasers operating at different frequencies and which are selectively gated in a binary fashion by pulse coded digital input signals to provide digitized low power laser outputs in accordance with the digital input signals. The low level pulses of the various optical frequencies are combined and utilized to preload a relatively high power pulsed CO.sub.2 output laser. A pair of mirror assemblies are utilized to respectively combine the multifrequency channel pulses and transmit a single pulsed output laser beam generated by the pulsed output laser.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a microwave amplifier (22) having an active X-Band microwave cavity (33) for use in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on large, lossy, irradiated, samples such as a human finger. The amplifier comprises an input section (31), a drift section (32) and an output section (33) which is the aforementioned active microwave cavity. An electron beam is used to input RF energy into the cavity. The input and output section have small helical couplers (34) for coupling RF energy onto and off of the electron beam. The RF wave is essentially "trapped" in the cavity because of the non-reciprocal nature of the electron beam medium and because the guide (i.e., drift section) at the input to the cavity has dimensions such that the frequency of the RF microwave energy is below the guides lower cut-off frequency. Also, a frequency "locking" effect occurs in the output cavity. The input frequency can be varied from 1-2% yet the output frequency does not change.

Abstract: A crossed-field microwave power tube. Electrons are emitted from a tubular lectrode at ground potential. The electrons are accelerated by an electric field toward a high voltage anode located within the tubular electrode. A magnetic field is oriented along the axis of the tube; the magnetic field is perpendicular to the electric field. The electrons follow curved paths in the space between the tubular electrode and the anode, while producing electromagnetic radiation in a TEM mode. The TEM radiation is easily coupled from the tube.

Abstract: An electronic oscillator being operable to detect millimeter wave and infrared frequency output signals over the range of 1-1000 GHz consists of a semiconductor device having a structure comprised of a first planar doped barrier region separated from a second planar doped barrier region by a superlattice region. Upon the application of a uniform electric field, the first planar doped barrier region operates as a means for injecting electrons into the superlattice region which then traverse to the second planar doped barrier region which operates as means for receiving the electrons. During transit through the superlattice region, the electrons undergo an oscillatory motion thereby making possible the detection of signals whose frequency is a function of the applied voltage and the periodic spacing of the superlattice.

Abstract: A shaft position, direction and timing assembly for a stepper motor in an ectrically controlled printing system operating in an environment subjected to relatively strong vibrational and shock levels is disclosed. A cylindrical coding member having one or more photo-optical coding tracks located adjacent one edge is mounted on the stepper motor shaft by being held in position by an inner support cylinder and an outer retaining collar. These three elements are commonly fastened to the stepper motor shaft by a pair of mutually opposing set screws. Photo emitter and receptor elements contained in a bifurcated subassembly are located at the edge of the cylindrical coding so as to oppose a coding pattern formed on the coding tracks for generating an electrical signal in response to the coding pattern acting to pass or interrupt light energy transmitted from the emitter to the receptor elements.

Abstract: A magnetic device of permanent magnet materials for the control of linearly xtending annular cross-sectioned magnetic fields formed of two concentrically nesting magnetic tubular elements defining an annular space therebetween, and inner and outer cladding magnets radially disposed around the outer of said tubular elements and interiorly of the inner of said tubular elements, the cladding magnets being thicker at the end extremities and diminishing in thickness towards and to the plane of zero magnetic potential at or near the center line of the device measured along its longitudinal axis.

Abstract: The digital frequency divider (or synthesizer) produces non-integral submultiples of an input frequency by alternately dividing its input by two integers by means of two integral digital frequency dividers, one of which produces an output higher than the desired non-integral submultiple and the other of which produces an output lower than the desired non-integral submultiple. The desired non-integral submultiple is obtained by alternately switching the circuit output to two integral digital dividers, the duty cycle of the switch determines the precise output frequency obtained. The concept can be implemented with programmable digital counters and logic circuitry. The circuitry can be used to implement a novel method of duplicating an accurate signal with improved stability. A circuit useful in practicing the method measures the ratio of two frequencies.

Abstract: An interference cancelling transmitter is configured which provides electagnetic compatibility (EMC) among different communications apparatus in the same area as well as providing a low probability of intercept (LPI) in a dense communications environment where secure communications is required between users. This is accomplished by means of a communications transmitter coupled to a transmitting antenna configuration comprised of an omnidirectional antenna and a notch antenna having a single deep null over a small angular beamwidth. RF power is fed equally thereto so that the radiated power from each antenna is the same but the phase is mutually inverted (180.degree.) so that a cancellation of the radiated power occurs in all directions of space except over the angular region where the null of the notch antenna is located. The null can be varied in direction and results in a relatively narrow pencil-like radiation pattern being radiated to a predetermined receiver.

Abstract: The beam of a laser radar is moved over the field of view by means of a p of scanner/trackers arranged in cascade along the laser beam. One of the scanner/trackers operates at high speed, with high resolution and a narrow field and is located in the demagnified portion of the laser beam. The other scanner/tracker operates at low speed with low resolution and a wide field and is located in the magnified portion of the laser beam. The two scanner/trackers complement each other to achieve high speed, high resolution scanning as well as tracking of moving targets. A beam steering telescope for an airborne laser radar which incorporates the novel dual mode scanner/tracker is also shown.