Abstract: A spout and hood assembly for an air flow bag packer in which the spout consists of an inner product supply tube surrounded by a shell providing a vent area to which a vacuum is supplied to evacuate the air from the bag as it is filled. The shell is tapered and oval-shaped to conform to the bag sleeve and so that the vent area cross section increases toward the vacuum source to prevent plugging of the vent area. The bottoms of the supply tube and the shell engage one another to reduce the possibility of any product escaping through the vent system during the filling cycle. The spout is affixed to and surrounded by a generally cylindrical dust hood which is also vented to a dust collection system. A dust shield, attached within the hood, surrounds the spout with a clearance so as to provide a venturi effect to better draw any dust into the dust collection system.

Abstract: An improved waste gas cyclone combustor designed to operate with acceptable pressure losses when utilizing low calorific gases such as industrial waste gases of differing heating values. The improvement consists of the installation of one or more additional tangential inlet ports with valves which can be opened when the waste gas is of richer quality than the minimum quality for which the combustor is designed. Use of the additional port(s) reduces the inlet velocity which in turn reduces the inlet pressure drop losses to balance the increased chamber drag and outlet pressure drop resulting from the higher combustion temperature of the richer gas. This reduction in inlet velocity, when utilizing richer waste gases, is consistent with the fact that richer gases do not require swirl ratios as high as leaner gases.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing oil furnace carbon black in which all or a portion of the combustion air is swirled just prior to contacting the fuel. The portion of total air which is swirled is adjustable so as to provide a predetermined, controlled Swirl Ratio in order to control the structure of the resulting carbon black.

Abstract: A combination burner, consisting of a main swirl burner in which gases of very low calorific value such as industrial waste gases can be burned and a secondary burner for ignition and support of the main burner in which fuels with high calorific value such as natural gas or fuel oil can be burned.The combination burner is designed so that the flame of the secondary burner (upstream of and coaxial with the waste gas burner) will have stability, ignition capability and invulnerability to quenching even in open contact with the swirling waste gas and even when the composition of the waste gas becomes temporarily insufficient to sustain combustion. This is accomplished by aerodynamics utilizing a low swirl in the secondary burner, as compared to the higher swirl of the waste gas burner to sufficiently stabilize the flame of the secondary burner by recirculation but providing an outward flow pattern which forms an effective barrier for the reverse vortex flow in the waste gas swirl chamber.

Abstract: A gaseous fuel burner for a carbon black reactor comprising a hollow annular metallic ring having a plurality of holes for discharge of fuel radially into a stream of combustion air immediately downstream (or upstream) of a turbulence-creating orifice. The air and fuel pass through and are intimately mixed in a cylindrical refractory mixing chamber adjacent the ring. The ring is affixed to a metallic mounting plate so that the burner and plate are cooled by incoming air supplied to a chamber located between said plate and the upstream end of the reactor.

Abstract: A concentric burner and feedstock injection assembly, for a carbon black reactor, designed for the atomizing and burning of liquid fuels to provide the heat required for the reaction. The atomizing tip consists of two annular rings machined to form a throat having a generally converging annulus through which part of the combustion air, brought first into strong swirling motion, is accelerated and passes as an air stream having a hollow, frusto-conical, divergent pattern. Fuel oil is injected, through a plurality of holes drilled through the inner annular ring, into said air stream and is atomized by said stream. The balance of the combustion air is supplied to the combustion chamber which surrounds the burner and is in communication with the reaction zone of the reactor. Feedstock oil is injected into the reaction chamber through a tubular subassembly inserted through a central opening in the assembly.