Abstract: A modular, wheeled vehicle suitable for military use, includes a driver module having a width for seating one person and having length for seating a second (and optional third) person therebehind, and an engine module disposed behind the driver module containing an engine for powering the modular vehicle. The engine module has a rear surface adapted to receive a storage module. The driver module and the engine module form a central element having a pair of sides, a bottom, and a top. The central element is adapted to receive the modules on both of the central element sides. The central element has air inlet for personnel and for the engine disposed atop the central element. The bottom of the central element and troop side pods generally are V-shaped with slanted, upward extending sides.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for thermochemically converting a carbohydrate material into ethanol wherein the carbohydrate material and a metal salt are reacted at elevated temperature to form an intermediate carbohydrate complex salt and/or a lactate metal salt which then is pyrolyzed in the presence of water into ethanol. Preferred carbohydrate materials for the process are various sugars and the metal salt preferably is a metal oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate. The intermediate complex and/or lactate salt may be separated from its aqueous reaction mixture prior to its pyrolysis to reduce the ultimate separation of ethanol from water. Alternatively, the metal of the metal salt may be one whose carbonate decomposes to metal oxide and carbon dioxide during the pyrolysis step of the process to generate said metal salt in situ.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved process for preparing a composite compact wherein a mass of abrasive crystals, a mass of metal carbide, and a bonding medium are subjected to a high-temperature/high pressure process for providing a composite compact. The sintered carbide mass supports the mass of abrasive crystals and bonding or catalyst metal, and the abrasive crystal grains are directly bonded to adjacent crystal grains in the mass thereof. Such improved process comprises disposing the mass of abrasive crystals in layers wherein the coarsest layer is closest to the carbide mass and is composed of crystals having a largest dimension of between about 75 and 500 microns and the finest layer is disposed farthest away in the carbide mass and is composed of crystals having a largest dimension of less than 10 microns.

Abstract: An economical energy-saving air-conditioning system for cooling air in an enclosure requiring year-around cooling. An outdoor heat exchanger is operative in a recirculating liquid closed-loop cooling system. A temperature controlled actuator provides continuous free cooling when the outside temperature is approximately 35.degree. to 40.degree. F. or less; and provides free pre-cooling of the air when the outside temperature is in the 35.degree. to 65.degree. F. range. The closed-loop comprises conventional components for summer temperature cooling; and, in less-than summer temperatures the present invention utilizes the outside heat exchanger to provide cool heat exchange liquid to a (free) cooling coil positioned to confront the air stream in advance of a refrigerant coil. Reheat for dehumidification is provided in an embodiment wherein thermal energy is taken from the waste heat of the refrigerant system.

Abstract: Temperature and humidity electrical/electronic control circuits and apparatus to maintain a room at a constant temperature and humidity. The control system is adapted to an environmental condition controller for year-around cooling utilizing a liquid recirculating to an outside coil for free cooling or free reheat dehumidification. The controls provide a sequencing function to actuate one or more temperature and/or humidity conditioners in response to the degree and percentage of change. The circuit provides a ramp function signal for proportional control over an initial temperature range of free cooling and step controls over other predetermined temperature ranges. The circuit comprises a high fidelity ramp generator linearly responsive to the degree of temperature change up to a predetermined set point. A dehumidification signal is developed and fed to the same ramp generator to carry out air cooling to remove moisture.

Abstract: Disclosed is an amine oxide foam stabilizer for stabilizing a foam of an alkyl benzene sulfonate foaming agent, wherein said amine oxide foam stabilizer is represented by the following general structure: ##STR1## where, R.sub.1 is a C.sub.4 -C.sub.11 alkyl groupR.sub.2 is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene groupR.sub.3, R.sub.4 each, independently, is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl group.

Abstract: A mixture of powdered metal oxide and thermally decomposable organic binder is formed into particles or beads of a controlled size. The beads are heated to a temperature sufficient to decompose the binder to carbon or to oxidize it completely. If desired, porosity control agents, such as starch, may also be included in the original mixture.

Abstract: An ungelled composition of matter comprising a compound containing groups reactive with isocyanate, a compound containing groups reactive with mercaptan, and a carbamothioate curing agent adapted to generate a plurality of curing units upon being subjected to heating above about critical temperature. The generated curing units contain isocyanate groups, mercaptan groups, or combinations thereof. In preferred embodiments of this invention, the ungelled composition is adapted for use in powder coatings, anodic electrocoating, and cathodic electrocoating.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel cyclic terpenoid amines which can be prepared by cyclizing the corresponding acyclic terpenoid amine.CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONSThis application is related to applicant's commonly owned copending application Ser. No. 916,966 filed 19 June 1978, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,179,468 dated 18 Dec. 1979 and entitled Cyclic Terpenoid Onium Salts, Their Preparation and Uses.

Abstract: Crystallizable lipid is fractionally crystallized from a fugitive solvent therefor in a crystallization zone wherefrom a washed crystal containing slurry substantially depleted in liquid lipid is withdrawn and the crystals are separated from such washed slurry.

Abstract: Cathodically electrodepositable resin having sufficient cationogenic sites to form, when enough of such sites are ionized, a stable aqueous dispersion, is dispersed in water with anionogen satisfying at least the requisite number of such sites for generating such stable dispersion. The anionogen is proportioned to supply as the satisfying anionic moieties C.sub.1-4 fatty acid anions and H.sub.2 PO.sub.4 --anions in a ratio of about 0.25:1 to 5:1. When such sites are from ionizable amino functionality, a mixture of carboxylic acid (preferably acetic) and orthophosphoric acid is the anionogen, and such acids are proportioned so that their primary acid hydrogens are not substantially in excess of all the ionizable base functionality present.

Abstract: Improved inorganic pigments, such as pigmentary titanium dioxide, are made by treating such pigments with a treating agent comprising the reaction product of a phosphorylating agent and a polyolefin.

Abstract: An ungelled composition of matter comprising a compound containing groups reactive with isocyanate, a compound containing groups reactive with mercaptan, and a carbamothioate curing agent adapted to generate a plurality of curing units upon being subjected to heating above about critical temperature. The generated curing units contain isocyanate groups, mercaptan groups, or combinations thereof. In preferred embodiments of this invention, the ungelled composition is adapted for use in powder coatings, anodic electrocoating, and cathodic electrocoating.

Abstract: Non-conjugated para-menthadienes having one site of unsaturation at the 4(8)- or 8-position are hydrogenated to selectively form 3-menthene in the presence of a homogeneous ruthenium catalyst complex.

Abstract: A mass of fine particulates such as chlorinated by-products (often collected as "cyclone solids") from the chlorination of titaniferous material, said particulates comprising hydrolyzable metal halides, are converted to readily-handled granules by hydration and attendant agglomeration as heat and vapors evolve.

Abstract: Tall oil containing anthraquinone is fractionally distilled for producing the tall oil heads cut enriched in said anthraquinone.

Abstract: A boron-containing nickel or cobalt spray-and-fuse self-fluxing alloy powder contains hard precipitates of chromium boride and, optionally, chromium carbide which are internally precipitated from a melt of said alloy. Such alloy powder is made by atomizing the melt at about the temperature at which the melt is viscous.

Abstract: An aqueous ferrous sulfate waste stream is converted into sludge and improved water effluent by a preferably ambient indoor temperature and pressure flow process comprising: turbulently mixing said stream with a substantial excess of gaseous oxygen and a small excess of impalpable calcium carbonate in a reaction zone until the iron content of said stream is virtually all sludged; classifying resulting sludge into a coarser solids fraction (a portion of which is recycled to the sludging operation) and an aqueous suspension of finer solids; and separating finer solids from such aqueous suspension. As such streams usually contain free sulfuric acid, it is desirable to first precipitate from the stream a primary gypsum product by neutralization prior to such sludging operation.

Abstract: Ferruginous titaniferous material is chlorinated with chlorine for producing a product stream of titanium chlorides and by-product metallic iron in a laminar flow process.

Abstract: Unrefined or crude glyceride oil is hydrogenated in rapid fashion in the presence of nickel hydrogenation catalyst and of copper chromite adjunct catalyst. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a nickel-only secondary hydrogenation stage follows for making a stearine in extremely rapid fashion.