Abstract: Triglyceride oils are bleached rapidly and efficiently in a continuous system wherein a stream of the oil is preheated to bleaching temperature and is introduced into a mixing zone in such manner as to provide a swirling motion, bleaching adsorbent containing moisture is added to the surface of the swirling hot oil and water vapor or steam derived from the moisture in the adsorbent forms a protective atmosphere above the surface of the oil to protect it from oxidation. The oil-adsorbent mixture is pumped continuously from the mixer to a bleaching zone consisting of one or more static mixers, which may be unobstructed pipe sections, under flow conditions providing an average residence time of approximately one minute. The flow regime in the bleaching zone may be laminar or turbulent. Optionally, the oil-adsorbent mixture may flow continuously from the mixing zone to a vacuum dryer where it is deaerated and dried to optimum moisture content for bleaching prior to being pumped to the bleaching zone.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with establishing the datum level of a lance or cartridge relative to the surface of a bath of molten metal in a metallurgical vessel. A voltage is applied to the movable lance or cartridge in such manner that contact of the lance or cartridge with the bath surface causes an earth leakage current to be established. Electrical circuitry is incorporated to open a circuit breaker upon flow of a predetermined earth leakage current and actuate an indication on a distance measuring device coupled to the movable lance or cartridge.

Abstract: Coal hydrogenation catalyst is recovered from coal hydrogenation residues containing carbonaceous matter, coal ash and catalyst by contacting such residues with oxygen and steam under conditions to provide H.sub.2 and CO containing gases and fused ash which contains catalyst, contacting the fused ash with a reactant which will react with the catalyst to form a catalyst compound which is volatile at the temperature of the fused ash and withdrawing vaporized catalyst compound from the fused ash. The vaporized catalyst may be condensed and dissolved in a solvent liquid to form a solution of catalyst for application to coal to be hydrogenated.

Abstract: Char obtained by the destructive distillation of scrap rubber vulcanizate is ground in a fluid-energy mill. The resulting black powder, with or without coating with oil, is used as a reinforcing agent for vulcanized rubbers.

Abstract: A shampoo composition including from 3 to 50% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants and from 0.05 to 5% by weight of a quaternary nitrogen-containing cellulose ether having a predetermined quaternary nitrogen content, the anionic surfactants being selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the general formulas:R-(OR').sub.n OSO.sub.3 M.sub.1/2 (I),R-SO.sub.3 M.sub.1/2 (II),andOS-M.sub.1/2 (III)where R is an alkyl group having an average of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkylphenyl group substituted by alkyl groups having an average of from 6 to 15 carbon atoms, R' is an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, n is an integral number equal to from 0 to 6, OS is the acid radical of an anionic surfactant obtained by sulfonation of olefins having an average of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and M is a magnesium or calcium ion.

Abstract: Low density, porous, metal oxide microspheres are prepared from metal salt solutions by sol-gel technique followed by ammonia treatment of the green microspheres, drying, impregnation with fugitive organic material and heat temperature under controlled conditions of temperature and atmosphere. The product metal oxide microspheres have a density of below 70% of their theoretical maximum density and a porosity of at least 0.04 cubic centimeters per gram as measured by mercury penetration technique. Microspheres of hematite, magnetite, and other metal oxides useful as catalysts or as purifying agents to remove contaminants from liquid or gaseous streams may be produced.

Abstract: Gases are dissolved in aqueous liquids and sludges by employing the preliminary step of subjecting the liquids to a reduced pressure to remove incidental gases dissolved or contained therein, and then dissolving the required gases therein. The invention is of particular utility in the oxidative treatment of surface waters, waste waters or sewage, in which the latter are first de-gassed before being oxygenated. The degassing can be effected by, for example, using a siphon.

Abstract: Metal strip is peeled from the periphery of a rotating cylindrical workpiece by feeding a cutting tool continuously into the workpiece periphery and is collected by winding the peeled strip around a rotating coiler. The rotational speed of either the workpiece or the coiler is controlled to maintain its peripheral speed substantially constant at the angular velocity of, respectively, the coiler or the workpiece is controlled in accordance with a time-dependent derived relationship to maintain a set ratio between the peripheral speeds of the workpiece and the coiler.

Abstract: A process for preparing a high-melting form of CDCA having a melting point of at least about 160.degree. C. is disclosed which comprises the steps of:(a) suspending at least one form of CDCA having a melting point of below 160.degree. C. in a non-aromatic liquid hydrocarbon, preferably cyclohexane, to form a suspension having a boiling point of at least 65.degree. C.;(b) heating the suspension to a sufficiently high temperature of between about 65.degree. and about 140.degree. C., preferably between about 75.degree. and about 100.degree. C., during a sufficiently long period of time for converting substantially all of the CDCA into the high-melting form;(c) recovering the high-melting form of CDCA from the suspension.Low-melting amorphous and/or crystalline forms of CDCA, as well as CDCA-solvent inclusion complexes can be treated in the above-described process. The high-melting CDCA is obtained in form of a substantially granular powder, which is suitable to be formulated into therapeutical compositions.

Abstract: A thermal energy storage material comprising at least one hydrated inorganic salt having a transition temperature to the anhydrous or a less hydrated form in the range 10.degree. to 100.degree. C. (for example, sodium sulphate decahydrate), the salt being dispersed and suspended in a water-insoluble hydrogel formed from a water-soluble synthetic polymer having pendant carboxylic or sulphonic acid groups cross-linked with cations of a polyvalent metal (for example, aluminium or magnesium).

Abstract: The invention relates to the continuous production of steel compacts in strip form from as-atomized stainless steel powder. A porous green compact of stainless steel powder having a carbon content not exceeding 0.06% by weight is through-carburized to raise its carbon content to a level in excess of that required in the product and then subsequently heat treated in a reducing atmosphere to promote chemical reaction between the carbon and oxygen present in the compact to reduce the former to a level not exceeding 0.03% by weight and the latter by a factor of two. Through-carburizing and reduction may be effected in successive zones 2,3 of a continuous floatation furnace 1.

Abstract: Machine for cleaning the peripheral sealing surfaces of rectangular coke oven doors or door jambs. A high pressure water jet nozzle is mounted on an eight-wheeled carriage, the nozzle being directed at the sealing surface to be cleaned. The carriage is driven by a chain drive around a closed rectangular track formed by four tubular members which are held in fixed spatial relationship with one another by supports, thereby positively locating the carriage in all directions except its direction of travel.

Abstract: A process for producing feedstock of highly metallized reduced iron from a metalliferrous slurry in which the slurry is subjected to high pressure filtration (9) and the resultant filter cake is then broken up and fed into a kiln (10) for firing together with a reductant.The slurry may be ferruginous waste products from ironmaking/steelmaking processes i.e. in-plant fines and additions may be made to the slurry (1 to 7) to aid the reduction stage of the process or to aid the agglomeration stage.

Abstract: Tetrapeptide amides of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, A and B represent certain specified substituent groups and where n is 2-5, p is 1-5 and r is 1 or 2. The compounds exhibit pharmacological activity when tested in the transmurally stimulating guinea pig ileum preparation indicating their affinity for opiate receptor sites and they may therefore be used in man for those conditions where an opiate-like effect is indicated.