Abstract: A resonator in which the input and output transducers are positioned to couple strongly into a resonant mode of interest. Signal drains are included to drain energy out of spurious resonant modes. In a magnetostatic wave resonator, the signal drains are preferably grooves in the surface of the ferrimagnetic film forming the resonator cavity.

Abstract: A discriminator having a power divider that divides a signal under test into a signal channel component and a reference channel component. A tunable delay line, such as a magnetostatic wave delay line, inserts a delay into the reference channel. A multielement input transducer selects a narrow band of spin wave wavelengths that are activated, thereby producing frequency discrimination. A phase detector is responsive to both channels to produce an output signal to a spectrum analyzer. A feedback loop, responsive to the output signal of the phase detector automatically places these two components into a quadrature relationship. The discriminator is automatically calibrated by tuning the delay line to values away from the quadrature condition in order to determine the discriminator consant.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave structure in which magnetostatic wave signals are coupled between discrete magnetostatic wave elements without the use of microstrip transducers. This structure consists of a plurality of blocks of ferrimagnetic material in which each block has an edge close enough to an edge of another block that a magnetostatic wave in the first of these blocks couples across the gap between these two edges into the second of these blocks. Linear and nonlinear configurations are presented that include a band pass filter.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave resonator having a transducer oriented such that it is tangent at all points to a wavefront of a traveling wave component of a resonant mode of the resonant cavity. In a rectangular cavity of width L.sub.x and length L.sub.y, the transducer is perpendicular to the wavevector k=(m.pi./L.sub.x)e.sub.x +(n.pi./L.sub.y)e.sub.y for some nonzero integers m and n, whereby the transducer optimally transfers energy into the resonant mode that is a linear superposition of travelling waves that includes this wavevector. This enhances coupling into the resonant mode of interest and reduces the amount of coupling into spurious modes.

Abstract: A pulse generator with adjustable pulse frequency, pulse width and pulse delay contains a start-stop oscillator (1) whose oscillator pulses are counted by a counter (2) in adjustable counting cycles. After each counting cycle, the oscillator (1) is shut down for an adjustable time interval. The pulses of the output signal of the pulse generator are produced at the occurrence of a predetermined count value, and the end of these pulses is essentially determined by a second predetermined count value. As the oscillator (1) has a fixed operating frequency and for the purpose of frequency interpolation is periodically shut down during short time intervals and then restarted, a pulse generator is obtained having very small frequency deviations over a wide frequency spectrum.

Abstract: An overcoupled resonator having a resonant cavity defined by a thin film of magnetic material with a pair of end walls parallel to a transducer. Because this resonator is overcoupled, it is suitable for use in a broadband oscillator.

Abstract: A light coupler for use in optical reflectometry on both single mode and multimode optical fibers. The single mode embodiment contains a polarized beam splitter, a depolarizer and a socket to hold an optical fiber. The beam splitter is oriented to transmit substantially all of the light in an incident beam of light, through the depolarizer to the optical fiber. Reflections from the optical fiber pass through the depolarizer to the beam splitter where 50% of the light is directed to a measuring output.

Abstract: A quasi-planar monolithic unidirectional ring laser is disclosed including an Nd:YAG crystal shaped so that a ring formed therein has an out-of-plane angle of about 1.degree.. The reflection opposite the output-coupling point on the front face is off the rear face. This arrangement provides for a very low pumping threshold and reduced magnetic field requirements. The disclosed laser can be pumped with a semiconductor laser and yield single mode 1.319 .mu.m and 1.338 .mu.m outputs suitable for fiber optic communications.

Abstract: A wavemeter/frequency locking technique suitable for indirectly locking an optical frequency f.sub.0 to a radio frequency f.sub.1 or for locking the radio frequency to the optical frequency. A beam of optical frequency f.sub.0 is phase modulated by a signal of average frequency f.sub.1 that is itself modulated at frequency f.sub.2. The modulated beam is passed through a filter to a detector to produce a detector output signal that has components at linear integral sums of f.sub.1 and f.sub.2. A pair of control signals are generated that are proportional to the amplitude of two of the components of the detector output signal. These control signals are separately used in a pair of servo loops to separately establish fixed values of f.sub.0 /f.sub.f and f.sub.1 /f.sub.f, where f.sub.f is a characteristic frequency of the filter. A method is presented for stepping the value of f.sub.0 /f.sub.f to another value and measuring f.sub.1 /f.sub.2 at each of these values, thereby enabling the value of f.sub.

Abstract: Oxygen determination based on luminescence quenching of fluorescent dye is effected by using the frequency output of an offset-phase locked loop to calculate the time constant for the exponential decay of fluorescence. An offset phase angle between a periodic stimulus signal used to excite the dye and a response signal based on fluorescence detection is predetermined to optimize signal-to-noise ratio for a wide range of time constants. An offset-phase locked loop is used to vary the frequency of a periodic stimulus signal until the predetermined phase relationship is established. Where the stimulus and response signals are substantially sinusoidal, the offset phase angle is ideally about 49.3.degree., although substantially optimal performance is achieved using a more conveniently generated 45.degree.. The 45.degree. angle offset can also be used with a square-wave stimulus signal.

Abstract: An interferometer in which an input beam is divided into two beams, the first of which is incident on a movable first reflecting surface before being recombined in an output beam with the second of the beams. The path for each beam is selected to be as similar as possible to the path for the other beam so that small rotations or translations of elements used to direct the beams affect both equally and so that changes in the ambient conditions affect both beams equally. The two beams are directed by reflecting elements, each of which reflects both beams an equal number of times so that small rotations of the elements affect both beams equally. The second beam is incident on a second reflecting surface near the first surface so that the deadpath between the first and second surfaces is as small as possible without interfering with the motion of the first surface.

Abstract: An interferometer having a beam generating section and a reflecting section. Mechanisms are provided to direct a beam from the generating section to the reflecting section even when the reflecting section moves freely in three dimensions. Mechanisms are also provided to direct the beam back from the reflecting section to the generating section even when the reflecting section moves freely in three dimensions. A method is presented that enables the absolute distance between the generating and reflecting sections to be determined.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed which are suitable for applying uniform coatings to integrated circuit (IC) wafers by means of chemical vapor deposition in a process suitable for use in mass production of IC wafers. The process introduces a first group of reactant gases into the vicinity of the wafers through at least one inlet. The number of inlets and the positions of inlets are selected to reduce the total variation in thickness produced on a batch of wafers to within preselected values of variations. The choices of pressure and temperature as well as the choice of gases in the first group are selected to optimize uniformity.

Abstract: A capillary-direct interface, suitable for connecting a gas chromatograph to a mass spectrometer, having a flow restrictor that is to be mounted at the entrance to the ionization chamber of the mass spectrometer to prevent damage to the mass spectrometer if the column of the gas chromatograph is removed from the mass spectrometer or breaks inside the interface. A preferred flow restrictor includes a hollow tube, the middle of which is connected to an exhaust port to enable a vacuum pump to remove gas from the middle of the tube. The hollow tube is enclosed by a high thermal conductivity tube that is thermally connected to a heat source to control the temperature of the hollow tube. A capillary GC column can be inserted entirely through the hollow tube into the ionization chamber to produce a capillary direct mode of coupling.

Abstract: In a batch process of manufacturing magnetostatic resonators, photolithographically etching a ferrimagnetic layer, that has been deposited on a dielectric substrate, to produce a plurality of disjoint blocks of ferrimagnetic material. Each block has a pair of sides that are substantially parallel for use in reflecting magnetostatic waves to form a resonator. A conductive layer is deposited on the wafer and then this layer is photolithographically etched to form a transducer adjacent to each of these reflecting sides.

Abstract: A circuit tester and test technique are presented that compresses the amount of data stored in local test data RAMs for the implementation of a circuit test, thereby reducing the amount of data that must be downloaded to the local test data RAMs, thereby improving test throughput. Derivative data vectors are utilized in addition to raw data vectors as part of the data compression technique. Further compression results from storing only unique data vectors in the local test data RAMs and utilizing a sequencer to control the order in which the unique data vectors are utilized. The sequencer includes test program logic and logic capable of implementing on test pins indirect counters.

Abstract: A connector having a center conductor contact whose length relative to an enclosing outer conductor contact can be adjusted to make a shoulder of the center conductor contact flush with the end of the outer conductor contact. In a female version of the connector, a cylindrical shell encloses a cavity in which a collette is inserted. An opening in a first end of the shell enables a male center pin to be inserted into the connector to make contact with the collette. The collette shape is such that the contacts between the collette and both the shell and the center pin are substantially at the opening of the first end of the shell. A spring on the other end of the collette presses the collette against the shell to produce wiping contacts at the opening.

Abstract: An alignment method in which light is diffracted from a mask grating to a wafer grating and back through the mask grating to produce a set of output diffraction orders. The intensity of the zeroth output order is monitored and the mask is translated and rotated within the plane containing the mask to align the mask with the wafer. Alignment occurs when the intensity of the zeroth output order is at an extremum. The distance between the mask and wafer is also adjusted to extremize the intensity of the zeroth output order to make the wafer lie within the focal plane of the exposure optics. The wafer mask is preferrably a holographic phase grating to simplify production of the grating and to eliminate resist related interference. Two dimensional gratings can be used to achieve alignment with only one grating on each wafer.

Abstract: A wavemeter/frequency locking technique suitable for indirectly locking an optical frequency f.sub.0 to a radio frequency f.sub.1 or for locking the radio frequency to the optical frequency. A beam of optical frequency f.sub.0 is phase modulated by a signal of average frequency f.sub.1 that is itself modulated at frequency f.sub.2. The modulated beam is passed through a filter to a detector to produce a detector output signal that has components at linear integral sums of f.sub.1 and f.sub.2. A pair of control signals are generated that are proportional to the amplitude of two of the components of the detector output signal. These control signals are separately used in a pair of servo loops to separately establish fixed values of f.sub.0 /f.sub.f and f.sub.1 /f.sub.f, where f.sub.f is a characteristic frequency of the filter. A method is presented for stepping the value of f.sub.0 /f.sub.f to another value and measuring f.sub.1 /f.sub.2 at each of these values, thereby enabling the value of f.sub.

Abstract: A dot printer is presented having an arrangement of dot emitters which is suitable for producing various line widths in a vector graphics mode as well as producing lines and characters of various sizes in a raster scan mode. The printer has emitters arranged in a pattern having one emitter in each row and in each column of the pattern. The pattern is formed from primitive dot patterns which can be utilized in the vector graphics mode to produce vectors of various line widths. The generation of dots is controlled to produce rounded terminations of line segments.