Abstract: A differential amplifier includes a pair of input transistors for directing portions of a load current from a current source through a pair of load transistors in response to a differential input signal. A common mode output voltage of the differential amplifier is detected and applied to control terminals of a pair of feedback transistors. The feedback transistors couple the load transistors to a reference voltage and act therewith to provide control currents through the load transistors concurrent with the load currents. The control currents provide feedback that maintains the common mode output voltage at a constant threshold level.

Abstract: A mixed bipolar-CMOS self-aligned process and integrated circuit provide a high performance NPN bipolar transistor in parallel to fabrication of a PMOSFET and an NMOSFET. Gate and base contacts are formed in a first polysilicon layer. The base contacts are implanted with P+ ion concentrations for diffusing base contact regions of the substrate in a later drive-in step. Source and drain contacts and emitter contacts are formed in a second polysilicon layer. The source and drain contacts are formed as a unit and then separated into discrete contacts by a spin-on polymer planarization and etch-back procedure. Lightly-doped lateral margins of the source, drain and base regions are ion-implanted in an initial low concentration (e.g. about 10.sup.13 atoms/cm.sup.2). The gate and base contact structures serve as a mask to self-align the implants. Then, the gate and base structures are enclosed in an oxide box having sidewalls.

Abstract: A liquid crystal cell (10) includes a chiral liquid crystal material (16) captured between a pair of electrode structures (12 and 14). The liquid crystal material is of a type that exhibits in consecutive order chiral semitic nematic, smectic A, and chiral phases at successively lower temperatures. In a preferred embodiment, the chiral phase is of the smectic C type. The electrode structures have director alignment layers (22 and 22') deposited on their inner surfaces. The directors (28 and 30) of the liquid crystal material in the nematic phase in contact the alignment layers align at relatively large tilt bias angles relative to the alignment layer. The tilt bias angles of the directors in contact with one of the electrode structures are defined in a rotational sense which is opposite that of the tilt bias angles of the directors in contact with the other electrode structure.

Abstract: Apparatus for correcting astigmatism produced by the electromagnetic deflection yoke of a cathode-ray-tube includes stigmator electrodes provided with elongated slots through which the cathode-ray-tube's electron beam or beams pass. Appropriate correction voltages, stored in digital memory, are applied to the stigmator and focus electrodes for bringing about re-focusing of the electron beam in appropriate axes for restoring a single point focus.

Abstract: An addressing structure uses an ionizable gas to address data storage elements (16) defined by the overlapping areas of multiple column electrodes (18) on a first substrate (48) and multiple channels (20) on a second substrate (54). A layer of dielectric material (46) separates the first and second substrates. Each of the channels is filled with the ionizable gas and includes a reference potential electrode that receives a data drive signal and a row electrode that receives a data strobe signal. For each storage element, the ionizable gas functions as an electrical switch that changes between a conducting or plasma state and a nonconducting or de-ionized state in response to an applied data strobe signal. The ionizable gas functions to either store data in or read data out of the storage element.

Abstract: An integrated circuit formed in a semiconductor die which has at least two distinct functional regions is treated by mounting the die by way of its front face on a support member, and subsequently removing die material by way of its back face so as to physically separate the functional regions of the die from each other.

Abstract: A phase change ink carrier composition is combined with a compatible colorant to form a phase change ink composition of this invention. A thin film of substantially uniform thickness of that phase change ink carrier composition, and the ink produced therefrom, has a high degree of lightness and chroma. The thin films of a substantially uniform thickness of the ink composition are also rectilinearly light transmissive. The carrier composition is preferably a fatty amide-containing compound.

Abstract: A method for producing a light-transmissive phase change ink printed substrate is described which comprises providing a substrate, and then printing on at least one surface of the substrate a predetermined pattern of a light-transmissive phase change ink which initially transmits light in a non-rectilinear path. The pattern of solidified phase change ink is then reoriented to form an ink layer of substantially uniform thickness. This ink layer will, in turn, produce an image which then will transmit light in a substantially rectilinear path.In one aspect of the invention, the substrate is light transmissive, and the reoriented printed substrate exhibits a high degree of lightness and chroma, and transmits light in a substantially rectilinear path. In this way, the reoriented printed substrate can be used in a projection device to project an image containing clear, saturated colors.

Abstract: A pattern of conductor runs is formed on a sheet of dielectric material using a carrier foil having a coating material adhered to one main surface thereof. The coating material contains particles of metal. The carrier foil is placed with its coated surface in contact with the sheet. The coating material is detached from the carrier foil over selected areas of its coated surface, and the detached coating material is adhered to the sheet.

Abstract: The trajectory across a surface of an intended target point of a moving beam directed toward the surface is digitized by finding a particular point along each of a plurality of parallel axes of the surface for which a two-dimensional convolution integral of two functions is a maximum. A first of the two functions is the instantaneous intensity distribution of the beam on the surface with respect to the instantaneous position of the target point on the surface. The second function is the average beam intensity distribution on the surface produced as the beam moves across the surface during a finite period. A digital data sequence is generated in which each element thereof represents the position on the surface of a separate one of the particular points determined in this fashion, and this sequence represents the trajectory of the target point of the beam on the surface.

Abstract: An electron beam addressed liquid crystal light modulator or "valve" (10) includes a liquid crystasl cell (40) having a target surface (45) which a writing electron beam (60a) and an erasing electron beam (60b) address to provide a display image. The writing electron beam and the erasing electron beam sequentially strike preselected locations on the target surface to cause an emission of secondary electrons and, thereby, develop an electrostatic potential at such preselected locations. A secondary electron collector electrode (66) positioned over and above the target surface collects in a uniform manner the secondary electrons emitted by all regions of the target surface. A collector electrode controller circuit (81) sequentially applied first and second potential differences between the target surface and the collector electrode in synchronism with the striking of the preselected locations by the respective writing and erasing beams.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal matrix display drive waveform scheme and circuit are disclosed which produce a resultant waveform at each pixel defined by the intersections of row and column electrodes that varies among three levels during each strobe interval. In a matrix of N rows and M columns, the rows are serially strobed with a strobe waveform that varies through three levels to provide select and non-select strobe signals. During each strobe interval, the column driver circuitry generates three-level and three-phase, time-variant drive waveforms. The circuit can provide up (write) and down (erase) pulses selectively to each pixel of the display using standard twisted-nematic type liquid crystal display drivers. A complex waveform generator provides three-level, three-phase control signals to the supply voltage inputs of the drivers.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of addressing data storage locations (80) employs an electron beam (76) to address such storage locations and thereby store data in and read data out of them. The storage locations are defined by the overlapping areas of multiple column electrodes (62) extending in a common direction on a first substrate (82) and rows (120) addressed by an electron beam (76) and extending in a common direction on a second substrate (54). A layer of dielectric material (52) separates the first and the second substrates, which are positioned face-to-face and spaced-apart with the direction of the addressed rows transverse to that of the column electrodes. The column electrodes receive data drive signals. The addressing apparatus is configured so that for each storage location secondary electrons emitted by the electron beam striking the location function as an electrical switch that changes between a conducting state and a nonconducting state in response to the presence of the electron beam.

Abstract: A matrixed display device comprises a plurality of monochrome optical bodies arranged in a matrix of intersecting horizontal rows and vertical columns and an optical bandpass filter element associated with each such body. The filter elements are in first, second and third arrays, passing red light, green light and blue light respectively. In each row and column of the matrix, a filter element of one of the three arrays is located between filter elements of the other two arrays. With this arrangement of filter elements, a color pixel can be formed by selectively stimulating first and second monochrome optical bodies that are adjacent each other in a first row of the matrix and a third monochrome optical body that is in a row adjacent the first row and is in the same column as one of the first and second optical bodies.

Abstract: A capacitive touch panel system (10) having a faceplate (14) with an electrically conductive layer (20) of a consistent resistivity employs a position measurement apparatus (12) to generate an address signal indicative of a position (46) on the faceplate in contact with a stylus (48). The position measurement apparatus includes a position measurement signal source (62) that generates a square-wave measurement signal of substantially constant frequency and a preselected magnitude. The position measurement signal is applied to a first pair of opposed electrodes (36) and (40) and a second pair of opposed electrodes (38) and (42) positioned along respective side margins (26, 30, 28, and 32) of the faceplate. The resistivity of the conductive layer establishes effective resistances of R.sub.x and R.sub.y between the respective first and second pairs of electrodes.

Abstract: A multiple beam cathode-ray tube employs a bipotential electrode structure to provide acceleration and convergence of the electron beams without the use of a resistive helix coil. In a preferred embodiment, the bipotential electrode structure (10) is employed in a cathode-ray tube (14) in which a cathode (28) and a grid electrode structure (30) cooperate to form plural beams of high velocity electrons. The bipotential electrode structure includes an immersion lens cylinder (16) that is positioned upstream of a tubular electrode element (18). The outer diameter (226) of the immersion lens cylinder is less than the inner diameter (228) of the tubular electrode element, thereby allowing the downstream end of the immersion lens cylinder to extend into the upstream end of the tubular electrode element. A potential difference applied between the immersion lens cylinder and the tubular electrode element accelerates the electrons in the multiple beams and converges them to form an array of crossovers at a plane (64).

Abstract: A selected pattern of conductor runs is formed on a sheet having a surface layer of dielectric material, by forming an electrostatically charged image of the selected pattern on the surface layer. Toner powder, comprising core particles of conductive material coated with fusible dielectric material, is deposited on the surface layer and is fused to the sheet.

Abstract: A tensed shadow mask assembly is adapted for repeated precise registration relative to a display screen in order to facilitate processing of the phosphor deposits on the display screen, wherein the registration of the shadow mask relative to the display screen is unaffected by the subsequent permanent sealing of the CRT. A display panel (36) is associated with the CRT faceplate (26) and has an outer edge (38) and a surface that carries a pattern of cathodoluminescent phosphor deposits (44). A rigid band (48) is permanently fastened around the outer edge of the display panel (36). A shadow mask frame (56) having a tensed shadow mask (58) fastened thereto is removably mounted to the band (48). The shadow mask frame (56) and band (48) carry registration mechanisms (70, 72, 76, 78) for orienting the frame (56) at a predetermined position relative to the band (48) (hence, relative to the display panel (36)) whenever the frame (56) is mounted to the band (48).

Abstract: A thin-film metal conductor system using a zirconium adhesion layer is disclosed. The system is formed by first plating a layer of zirconium over a substrate material and any electrical components, such as resistors, which are fixed on the substrate. A conductive layer is then deposited over those portions of the zirconium layer which are to provide conductive pathways. The resulting unit is thermally treated in an oxidizing environment, such as air, to oxidize the exposed portions of the zirconium layer and thereby form regions of zirconium oxide. The zirconium oxide is nonconductive and protects underlying components from moisture and physical abrasion.

Abstract: A low inductance ground lead for grounding a signal probe used in high frequency measurement to a ground probe. A ground lead comprises a single flexible strand or multiple strands which are substantially untwisted with respect to one another. Preferably, the strands have a rectangular cross-section and a relatively large surface area for a given cross-sectional area. Substantially noninductive connections for connecting one end of said ground lead to the signal probe and the other end of said ground lead to the ground probe are provided, so as to bypass the self-inductance of the signal probe and the ground probe.