Abstract: An amplifier with a cascode device contains a common mode feedback circuit to ensure correct operating point in the amplifier. Common mode feedback is provided to the amplifier to maintain the common mode operating point during active operation. Additional common mode feedback is provided to the cascode devices to ensure correct start-up by forcing the node voltages to go to their desired voltage levels.

Abstract: A method for calculating the P/N ratios of static gates based on the voltages presented at the inputs of these static gates. The method identifies the PFETs and NFETs that are used when a particular voltage pattern drives the input of a static gate. After the FETS have been identified, a maximum and minimum P/N ratio is calculated. A maximum and minimum P/N ratio is determined in order provide more accurate models for simulating problems, for example, noise on the inputs. Using the PIN ratios created by this method, integrated circuit designers can create computer simulations that better model the electrical environment that integrated circuits operate in and most likely reduce the probability that the particular integrated circuit they are designing will have design errors.