Abstract: A surfactant composition containing: (a) from about 15 to 20% by weight of an alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside; (b) from about 15 to 20% by weight of a betaine; and (c) from about 60 to 70% by weight of an alkyl ether sulfate, all weights being based on the weight of the composition.

Abstract: Biooxidation reactions can be controlled by a method which comprises the steps of: (1) independently adding a substrate and a co-substrate at predetermined rates to a bioxidation reaction mixture comprised of a biocatalyst; (2) measuring the oxygen consumption rate and carbon dioxide evolution rate from the reaction mixture; (3) determining the instantaneous rates of substrate and cosubstrate consumption by solving simultaneous equations relating carbon dioxide evolution rate and oxygen consumption rate to the substrate oxidation stoichiometry, the cosubstrate combustion stoichiometry, and optionally the biomass formation stoichiometry; (4) simultaneously adjusting the substrate and cosubstrate addition rates to the rates of substrate oxidation and cosubstrate consumption in order to maximize the rate of product formation while simultaneously minimizing the rate of cosubstrate usage.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of esters of hydroxycarboxylic acids with alkoxylated fatty alcohols as solubilizers for perfume oils in water. These esters not only have a strong solubilizing effect on water-insoluble perfume oils, they are also capable of dispersing calcium ions.

Abstract: Random fatty alcohol alkoxylates with low temperature stability which are polymerization products of fatty alcohols, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, according to the general formula (I): R1O[(EO)n(PO)m]—H ??(I) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, each EO represents —CH2CH2O—, each PO independently represents —C(CH3)HCH2O— or —CH2C(CH3)HO—, wherein n represents the average number of EO units present in each random fatty alcohol alkoxylate and has a value of from about 2 to about 7, and wherein m represents the average number of PO units present in each random fatty alcohol alkoxylate and has a value of from about 1.5 to about 3; are disclosed. A process for the production of such random fatty alcohol alkoxylates and methods of their use in water-dilutable concentrates are also disclosed.

Abstract: A pearlizing composition containing: (a) from about 30 to 55% by weight of a pearlizing wax; (b) a nonionic emulsifier; (c) optionally, a zwitterionic emulsifier; (d) from about 0.1 to 5% by weight of a polyol ester; and (e) water, all weights being based on the weight of the composition, and wherein the sum of (a)+(b)+(c) is at least about 55% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, and wherein the sum of (b)+(c) is less than about 25% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, and wherein (b) and (d) are present in the composition in a ratio by weight of from about 5:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: Methods for imparting softness to polyolefin-containing articles are described wherein the methods comprise: (a) providing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the general formula (I) and compounds of the general formula (II): A-B-C-B-A??(I) A-B-Acyl??(II) wherein each A independently represents a R—C(O)O— group wherein R represents an alkyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms; each B independently represents a —(CnH2nO)k— group wherein n represents a number of from 2 to 4 and k represents a number of from 1 to 15; and C represents an alkylene group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms; (b) combining the at least one compound and a polyolefin-containing material to form a mixture; and (c) subjecting the mixture to further processing to form an article.

Abstract: A process for enhancing skin, mucous membranes and textile compatibility with an anionic surfactant composition involving: (a) providing an anionic surfactant composition; (b) providing an acid selected from the group consisting of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, a salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, an ester of a hydroxycarboxylic acid with an ethoxylated alcohol, and mixtures thereof; and (c) mixing (a) and (b).

Abstract: A cleansing product containing: (a) a water insoluble substrate; and (b) a surfactant composition impregnated onto the substrate, the composition containing: (i) at least one lathering surfactant; and (ii) at least about 40% by weight, based on the weight of the composition, of water.

Abstract: Polypeptides with lipase/acyltransferase activity are described with an amino acid sequence which has identity to the sequence reported in SEQ ID NO 2 of at least 49%, also polypeptides which display this activity, as well as nucleic acids (genes) which code for these polypeptides, vectors which contain nucleic acids which code for these polypeptides, transformed microorganisms which contain these nucleic acids, processes for production of these polypeptides and the application of nucleic acids for discovering new lipase/acyltransferases and the use of these lipase/acyltransferases as catalysts in chemical and biochemical processes.

Abstract: A compound of formula: wherein each R group independently is C6-C10 arylene group, a straight or branched chain C2-C°alkylene group optionally containing an arylene group, or a C4-C20 straight chain alkylene group containing one or more —NH— groups in the alkylene chain, each X is —O—, —S—, or —NR5— where R5 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl, each AO group is independently ethyleneoxy, 1,2-propyleneoxy, or 1,2-butyleneoxy, n, m and p is from 1 to 50 and the sum of n, m and p is from 4 to 50, and the R4 is independently —CH2-CH(OH)—R9, wherein each R9 independently represents a C4-C18 saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group. The compound has surfactant and defoaming properties and is useful in latex paint, an ink, an adhesive, or a metal working compositions.

Abstract: Methods suitable for selecting optimal defoamers for use in fermentation processes are described wherein the methods comprise: (a) determining an amount of each of two or more defoamers which provides a requisite dynamic surface tension of at most 50 mN/m at a particular frequency in a fermentation medium; and (b) selecting the defoamer which provides the requisite dynamic surface tension at the lowest amount. Methods for controlling foam by determining and adjusting dynamic surface tension are also described.

Abstract: Processes for recovering phytosterols are described. The processes comprise: (a) providing a liquid mixture containing a phytosterol, methanol, and one or more additional compounds, wherein the methanol is present in an amount of from 25 to 75% by weight, based on the phytosterol; (b) cooling the mixture to form phytosterol crystals; and (c) separating the phytosterol crystals from the remainder of the mixture.

Abstract: Processes for producing conjugated linoleic acid are described which comprise: (a) isomerizing a linoleic acid lower alkyl ester in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate to form a conjugated linoleic acid lower alkyl ester; (b) saponifying the conjugated linoleic acid lower alkyl ester in the presence of an aqueous lye to form a saponification product; and (c) neutralizing the saponification product with phosphoric acid.

Abstract: An aqueous surfactant mixture comprised of an alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside ether carboxylic acid is made by a process comprising reacting in an aqueous solution an alkyl and/or alkenyl oligoglycoside and an ?-halocarboxylic acid or a salt or ester thereof in the presence of alkali.

Abstract: Compositions, which can be used in cosmetic applications, comprising: (a) at least one wax selected from the group consisting of dialkyl(ene) alkoxy ethers corresponding to formula (I): R1—(OCnH2n)x—O—(CmH2mO)y—R2??(I) in which R1 and R2 independently of one another represent alkyl and/or alkylene groups containing 16 to 36 carbon atoms, n and m independently of one another represent numbers of 2 to 4 and x and y independently of one another represent numbers of 0 to 10, the sum of x and y being a number of 1 to 10; and dialkyl(ene) carbonates corresponding to formula (II): R3O—CO—OR4??(II) in which R3 and R4 independently of one another represent optionally hydroxyfunctionalized alkyl and/or alkenyl groups containing 16 to 36 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof; (b) at least one silicone; (c) at least one amphoteric and/or zwitterionic surfactant; and (d) at least one cationic polymer.

Abstract: Lanolin-free lanolin substitute compositions comprising: A) from about 5 to about 95% by weight, of at least one plant sterol fatty acid ester; B) from about 1 to about 20% by weight, of at least one polyglyceryl di-polyhydroxy fatty acid ester; C) from about 1 to about 20% by weight, of at least one polyglyceryl di-fatty acid ester; D) from about 0.25 to about 10% by weight of at least one glyceryl fatty acid ester; and E) optionally, from about 1 to 80% by weight of an additive containing a mixture of (i) a vegetable oil, (ii) a hydrogenated vegetable oil, and (iii) a non-petroleum derived wax.

Abstract: Lanolin-free lanolin substitute compositions comprising: A) from about 50 to about 95% by weight, of at least one plant sterol fatty acid ester; B) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, of at least one polyglyceryl di-polyhydroxy fatty acid ester; C) from about 1 to about 10% by weight, of at least one polyglyceryl di-fatty acid ester; and D) from about 0.25 to about 2% by weight of at least one glyceryl fatty acid ester.

Abstract: A circuit configuration for a metal solvent extraction plant comprising: A) an extraction section for extracting metal ions from an aqueous leach solution containing the metal ions with an organic solvent solution containing at least one metal extraction reagent, wherein the extraction section consists of three countercurrent extraction stages; and B) a stripping section consisting of one stripping stage for stripping the metal ions from the metal extraction reagent.

Abstract: Dispersant compositions are described which contain: (a) a carrier medium comprising glycerol carbonate, the carrier medium present in an amount of from 10 to 80% by weight based on the composition; and (b) one or more polyester dispersants present in an amount of from 20 to 90% by weight based on the composition.

Abstract: Aliphatic diesters of unsaturated aliphatic C10-30 dicarboxylic acids are low temperature plasticizers for PVC. PVC is plasticized by contacting it with a plasticizing effective amount of an aliphatic diester of an unsaturated aliphatic C10-30 dicarboxylic acid wherein the aliphatic portion of the diester is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, cyclic or acyclic unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted aliphatic radical having from one to 10 carbon atoms.