Abstract: A novel class of soluble organic nitrogen compounds which produces various colors when dissolved in organic liquid solvents. These dyes produce a color from blue to red if the organic liquid medium has a neutral or basic pH which reversibly changes to yellow if the liquid medium has an acid pH. The color variation can also serve as an indication of solvent polarity.

Abstract: Mixed rare earth alkali and alkaline earth sulfates activated with cerium and terbium are used as a phosphor coating system for fluorescent lamps. The phosphor efficiently emits light in the green region and the emission spectrum of the phosphor demonstrates a prominent peak in the 520-560 nm region with minor inflections at other visible wavelengths.

Abstract: Thermoluminescent materials have been found suitable for measuring long term exposures to low level ionizing radiation. Oxyhalides of lanthanum, gadolinium and yttrium, including the oxychlorides and oxybromides are activated with terbium and have been found to be most efficient oxygendominated phosphors having thermoradiant efficiencies with excitation by low level ionizing radiation. Thermoluminescence response increases when the previous materials have hafnium and zirconium additives.

Abstract: Flaws in the surface of a physical object, such as cracks, breaks, and other physical discontinuities in metal surfaces are detected by inspection under ultraviolet irradiation after the surface has been coated with a novel flaw detection medium comprising an organic liquid solution of particular organic phosphor materials with an organic binder. The soluble organic phosphor materials found useful in this manner exhibit luminescence when excited by ultraviolet irradiation and are selected from the general class of heterocyclic aromatic nitrogen compounds. In the present inspection method, a coating of the flaw detection medium is applied to the surface being inspected and the dried coating then removed except at the flaw sites prior to inspection. The present liquid flaw detection medium can also be prepackaged for convenient dispensing from a pressurized container through use of conventional propellants such as fluorinated hydrocarbons or their equivalent.

Abstract: An improved reflector layer is provided utilizing a titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) admixture containing up to approximately 15 percent by weight magnesia (MgO). Said reflector layer underlies the phosphor layer, and an aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) layer can be deposited upon the phosphor layer.

Abstract: An improved reflector layer is provided utilizing a titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) admixture containing up to approximately 15 percent by weight alumina (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) or zirconia (ZrO.sub.2). Said reflector layer underlies the phosphor layer, and an aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) layer can be deposited upon the phosphor layer.

Abstract: Improved magnesium aluminate gallate phosphors activated by manganese are prepared containing a minor addition of stabilizer ion to avoid brightness loss when the phosphor is heated in air. The stabilizer addition also permits major substitution of aluminum for gallium along with increased manganese activator content resulting in higher powder brightness in room temperatures, greater ultraviolet absorption, and a desirable shift in spectral peak of emission response along with better resistance to oxidation when heated in air. The phosphor is particularly useful to provide improved maintenance in low-pressure mercury lamps for reprographic applications.

Abstract: A multiple flashlamp array is designed having a plurality of lamps fired individually and in sequence and includes a plurality of static solid switching devices capable of being easily activated by radiant energy generated during flashing of the lamps. Initially, the switches have a high resistance ("off" condition) and after being activated by radiation, they undergo chemical conversion to a conductive state ("on" condition). The switches are prepared from compositions which impart improved shelf life under conditions of relatively high humidity at above normal ambient temperatures.

Abstract: A photoflash unit is designed to have a plurality of lamps fired individually and in sequence and includes a plurality of switching devices capable of being easily activated by radiant energy generated during flashing of the lamps. Initially, the switches have a high resistance ("off" condition) and after being activated by radiation, they undergo a chemical change to a conductive state ("on" condition). The switches are prepared from compositions which impart improved shelf life to the switches under conditions of high relative humidity.

Abstract: A method of making a voltage sensitive switch characterized by an irreversible change in resistance from a high resistance state greater than one megohm to a low resistance state less than one thousand ohms is described as comprising mixing substantially pure grade copper powder with copper oxide powder, adding a binder to the mixture and applying the resulting mixture to a pair of spaced electrodes.

Abstract: An improved primer material is disclosed for a high-voltage type flashlamp construction. Said primer material comprises a solid mixture of a combustible fuel and an oxidizer for the fuel such as alkali metal chlorates and perchlorates, and which further contains a combustion-supporting oxide of the type which is converted to a lower oxide upon combustion of the mixture. An all glass flashlamp construction is disclosed in which the improved primer material can be disposed between a pair of spaced apart inlead wires to provide suitable ignition means for the combustion of a quantity of filamentary combustible material distributed within the lamp envelope.

Abstract: A multiple flashlamp array having a plurality of lamps fired individually and in sequence which includes a plurality of static solid switching devices capable of being easily activated by radiant energy generated during flashing of the lamps. Initially, the switches have a high resistance ("off position") and after being activated by radiation, they undergo chemical conversion to a conductive state ("on position"). The switches are prepared from compositions which impart improved shelf life under conditions of relatively high humidity at above normal ambient temperatures. The switch material composition comprises a mixture of a solid copper salt with a humidity resistant organic polymer binder and a finely divided metal reducing agent.

Abstract: An improved primer material is disclosed for a high-voltage type flashlamp construction. Said primer material comprises a solid mixture of a combustible fuel and an oxidizer for the fuel such as alkali metal chlorates and perchlorates, and which further contains a combustion-supporting oxide of the type which is converted to a lower oxide upon combustion of the mixture. A still further alumina gel additive in said primer composition modifies the ignition characteristics in a desirable manner for use in a high-voltage type flashlamp. An all-glass flashlamp construction is disclosed in which the improved primer material can be disposed between a pair of spaced-apart inlead wires to provide the desired ignition of a quantity of filamentary combustible material distributed within the lamp envelope.

Abstract: A multiple flashlamp array is disclosed having a plurality of lamps fired individually and in sequence which includes a plurality of static solid switching devices capable of being easily activated by radiant energy generated during flashing of the lamps. Initially, the switches have a high resistance ("off position") and after being activated by radiation, they undergo chemical conversion to a conductive state ("on position"). The switches are prepared from compositions which impart improved shelf life under conditions of relatively high humidity at above normal ambient temperatures. The switch material composition comprises a mixture of finely divided cupric oxide with a humidity resistant organic polymer binder.

Abstract: An improved miniature size electric lamp is disclosed wherein an outer wire lead of the lamp is flattened and adhesively bonded to the inside rim of the base shell with an electrically-conducting basing cement. A method of manufacture for said lamp construction is also disclosed wherein the flattened section of the wire lead is aligned to lie in a plane approximately tangent to the envelope wall of the lamp prior to positioning the lamp envelope for assembly to the base shell. A layer of electrically-conducting basing cement is located around the periphery of the base shell to provide improved electrical contact between the side wire lead and the base shell. An insulating cement is applied to the remaining eyelet contacting wire lead at the glass to metal junction and extends a sufficient distance along the lead to electrically insulate this wire lead from the electrically conducting cement.

Abstract: A multiple photoflash lamp array is disclosed capable of producing a plurality of flashes for taking a plurality of flash pictures. The particular construction includes a reflector unit having a plurality of adjacent reflectors or reflector cavities, each having a photoflash lamp mounted therein on a common base and with said flashlamps being further operatively associated with a printed circuitboard member to enable flashing of the lamps individually and in sequence. Aperture means are also provided in the individual reflectors to permit the direct observation by eye of flash indicator means located behind the reflector unit.

Abstract: An electrically heated transparent panel is described for a laminated safety glass window construction having a clear polymer inner layer with a pattern of wrinkled resistance wires oriented in a three-dimensional non-parallel random fashion so as to reduce glare from the wires when the window is used in automotive and other type vehicles. The individual resistance wires are partially embedded in the polymer sheet by a technique utilizing shrinkage of a thermoplastic polymer from its original dimensions when heated to an elevated temperature together with having the individual wires change configuration when relaxed from tension forces on the wire when first assembled with the polymer sheet.

Abstract: An X-ray intensifying screen having reduced radiographic mottle comprising a plurality of layers including a photographic film and two or more phosphor layers, the phosphor layers having increasing luminous efficiency, under X-ray radiation, from the layer nearest the photographic film to the outermost layer from said film. The luminous efficiencies are adjusted to cause about equal film densities, on absorption of about equal X-rays for each phosphor layer. Thus, the total density of the phosphor layers would be about equal to the film density of a single phosphor layer comprising a similar phosphor of homogeneous brightness.

Abstract: Increased optical transmission is provided for a body of light transmissive polycrystalline alumina body treated at elevated temperatures with a molten flux composition. A tube of the flux polished material which can be used as the light transmissive envelope for high intensity discharge lamps especially sodium vapor lamps, improves light output from the lamp as the result of increased in-line transmission for the treated envelope member. A method of chemically polishing polycrystalline alumina material in this manner is also disclosed.