Abstract: An active region of a VCSEL at one (i.e., n doped) end having an expanded effectively undoped region, and another (i.e., p doped) end having a significantly doped region up to or even including a portion of the active region. A previous way had heavy doping of the n and p doped regions up to the active region, at least close to it or even partially into it.

Abstract: An Integrated Optics Chip (IOC) package for an IOC, including a base having an upper support surface having a first raised surface and a dielectric gel disposed on the first raised surface of the base and adapted to couple to the IOC. The dielectric gel is sufficiently compliant to minimize stresses from structural changes in the base, accommodate a thermal mismatch between the IOC and the base, and reduce vibration. A first adhesive may be applied to a platform integral to the base that is sufficiently rigid to prevent the IOC from separating from the dielectric gel during vibration. A second adhesive may be applied on a second raised surface of the base to provide strain relief to the leads of the IOC. Advantages include the elimination of several components and manufacturing steps, improved strain relief and vibration dampening, as well as manufacturing time and cost savings.

Abstract: An active region of a VCSEL at one (i.e., n doped) end having an expanded effectively undoped region, and another (i.e., p doped) end having a significantly doped region up to or even including a portion of the active region. A previous way had heavy doping of the n and p doped regions up to the active region, at least close to it or even partially into it.

Abstract: A control method is provided by which a laser output can be controlled through the use of a signal provided by a photodiode that receives a reflected ratio of the laser output signal. A time varying signal is added to the low magnitude portions of an electrical data input signal to the laser. This first electrical monitoring signal, which is essentially an average output from the photodiode because of its frequency response, is then passed through a low pass filter to provide a second electrical monitoring signal. The first electrical monitoring signal is multiplied by a time varying signal to provide a third electrical monitoring signal. The time varying signal, which can be a sinusoidal waveform, is added to the low magnitude portions of an electrical input signal provided to the laser. The third electrical monitoring signal is averaged over time by a low pass filter to provide a fourth electrical monitoring signal.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser is provided with a mode control structure that selectively encourages or inhibits the lasing of the laser in regions of the mode control structure. Light is encouraged to lase and emit light through first portions of the mode control structure while lasing is inhibited in second portions. The first and second portions of the mode control structure are patterned by providing different thicknesses for the first and second portions of the mode control structure.

Abstract: A development process of C4 bump pads is for advanced microelectronic integrated circuit connection technology. This approach involves the laying down of conductor lines on a substrate and an encapsulation over the lines, plus the making of openings for making the bump pads. The bump pads are for situating solder balls for connections with a flip chip or integrated circuit. The openings are made by application of a diffusing material that is patterned on the glass encapsulation to define the areas of the bump pads. After the material is dried and diffused into the encapsulation layer, the diffused material is washed out with water to leave open areas for the bump pads. Then solder balls may be placed on the bump pads and heated to adhere to the conductor lines and form rounded bumps on the respective pads. Flux may then be applied to the solder bumps, and the flip chip is placed with its terminals on the solder bumps which are heated for connection.

Abstract: A geartooth sensor is provided with a carrier shaped to form a cavity in which semiconductor chips can be disposed. The carrier partially encapsulates a permanent magnet and a lead assembly. Unencapsulated portions of the lead assembly are exposed within the cavity to permit semiconductor components to be attached to a portion of the lead assembly. A cover is attached to the carrier to seal the cavity and protect the magnetically sensitive components located therein. The carrier, with its associated lead assembly and permanent magnet, can then be attached to a printed circuit board and a support structure to form a geartooth sensor. A protective enclosure can be disposed over the sensitive components of the geartooth sensor.

Abstract: A process control system which includes at least one manipulated variable and at least one controlled variable, provides a method for robust control of a process. Predetermined constraints of the manipulated variables and the controlled variables, and the present values of the manipulated variables are obtained. The controller is loaded with parameters which define an optimal controller, the parameters being calculated off-line. To determine the parameters a single min-max statement is defined for a worst case model of the process which operates in conjunction with a best case controller. The single min-max statement is converted to a corresponding canonical expression in the form of a minimization problem, the resultant solution of the minimization problem being the parameter.

Abstract: In a microbolometer infrared radiation sensor, a detector material (VO.sub.2) having a high thermal coefficient of resistance to increase the sensitivity of the apparatus.

Abstract: A light based distance, velocity and acceleration sensor which uses phase difference to determine the desired measurement. A laser signal is modulated by an oscillator signal and reflected off an object to a signal receiver. The reflected laser signal and the oscillator signal then pass through a dual path conditioning circuit, where the path lengths and circuit elements of the two paths are identical to cancel the effects of propagation delays in an output signal. The conditioned signals are passed through a phase comparator, to produce a signal indicative of the phase difference between the oscillator signal and the reflected laser signal. The phase difference is directly proportional to the distance between the sensor and the object.

Abstract: An electronic color filter system for controlling a picture element color signal includes three filter regions which selectively control spectral components of light transmitted sequentially therethrough. Each filter region has a liquid crystal host material and a dye guest component. The orientation of the liquid crystal host, determined by an electric field applied to the filter material, determines the absorption coefficient of the dye guest component to polarized light. By appropriate selection of the guest dye component and control of the electric fields applied to the host liquid crystal, the transmitted light can have a selected radiation spectrum. The transmitted light of a multiplicity of picture elements can be used to provide a full-color visual image display.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is described that includes gray scale capability. Each pixel of the display is subdivided into a plurality of subpixels. Each subpixel includes an effective capacitor, with the liquid crystal material contained between the effective capacitor plates, and includes a control capacitor coupled in series with the effective capacitor. By controlling the capacitance of the control capacitors of the subpixels, selected subpixels can be activated as a function of the voltage applied across the series capacitors. By controlling the number of subpixels that are activated by the applied voltage, a gray scale capability can be provided for a liquid crystal display.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an LED including a substrate with an elevated surface portion, an epitaxial blocking layer adjacent thereto, and a double-heterojunction structure thereover.

Abstract: A system for quasi real-time computer aided characterization of symmetrical -way microwave power combining structures which utilizes a network analyzer to measure scattering parameters of said combining structure at various RF frequencies and at desired transmission routes through said combining structure. The routes are selected by a coaxial switching network which is controlled by said network analyzer which also computes and outputs the maximum combining efficiency, .eta., and the input impedance of the ith port under conditions of maximum combining efficiency, Zic.