Abstract: Nucleic acids encoding the .beta.-chain of the human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, as well as the .beta.-chain itself, are provided. The .beta.-chain may be expressed with the .alpha.-chain in cellular hosts to form compositions useful in screening agonists and antagonists of human GM-CSF.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing 3-exomethylene cephalosporanic acid derivatives for use in the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics such as ceftibuten. The process comprises electrochemical reduction of a compound of the formula (IV) ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.3 is CH.sub.3 C(O)--; ##STR2## is an optional sulfoxide group; n is 2 or 3; R.sup.1 is H and R is H or NHR.sup.2, where R.sup.2 is H or a protecting group selected from C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 OC(O)--, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(O)-- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy-C(O)--; or wherein R and R.sup.1 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached comprise --C(O)--, and produces the desired 3-exomethylene compounds with low levels of the corresponding 3-methyl tautomers.

Abstract: Disclosed are chiral hydrazine derivatives of the formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) and (Id) ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl;R.sup.3 is H or R.sup.4 wherein R.sup.4 is a hydroxy protecting group; andZ is H, --CHO, --C(O)OC(CH.sub.3).sub.3 or --C(O)OCH.sub.2 C.sub.6 H.sub.5.Also described is a process for preparing chiral hydrazines of the formula (Ia), (Ib), (Ic) and (Id).

Abstract: The invention provides novel phenyl-alkyl-imidazoles of the formula ##STR1## wherein A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, m and n are as defined in the specification, and the group --(CH.sub.2)n--A--R.sup.1 is at the 3- or 4-position, together with their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. These phenyl-alkyl-imidazoles and salts have valuable pharmacological properties, especially CNS activities and activity against inflammatory disease.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing 3-exomethylene cephalosporanic acid derivatives for use in the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics such as ceftibuten. The process comprises electrochemical reduction of a compound of the formula (IV) ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.3 is CH.sub.3 C(O)--; ##STR2## is an optional sulfoxide group; n is 2 or 3; R.sup.1 is H and R is H or NHR.sup.2, where R.sup.2 is H or a protecting group selected from C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 OC(O)--, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 C(O)-- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy--C(O)--; or wherein R and R.sup.1 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached comprise --C(O)--, and produces the desired 3-exomethylene compounds with low levels of the corresponding 3-methyl tautomers.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for producing azetidinones. More particularly, this invention provides the steps of producing an azetidinone represented by the formula I ##STR1## from a carboxylic acid R.sup.2 --D--CH.sub.2 COOH, an aldehyde R.sup.1 --A--CHO and an amine RNH.sub.2, by the steps of: (a) converting a carboxylic acid to the corresponding acid chloride; (b) deprotonating a chiral oxazolidinone and treating the resulting anion with the product of step (a); (c) enolizing the product of step (b) and condensing with an imine; and (d) cyclizing the product of step (c). Steps (c) and (d) of this process are as shown in the following reaction scheme.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of .alpha.-substituted arylacetamides wherein the substituent is an aromatic group or a 1-alkenyl or 1-cycloalkenyl group and wherein the nitrogen atom carries no hydrogen atoms comprises the reaction of an arylacetamide having one or two hydrogen atoms on the .alpha.-carbon atom, wherein the nitrogen atom carries no hydrogen atoms, with a strong base in an inert aprotic organic solvent, followed by reaction with a zerovalent transition metal catalyst and then with a compound of the formula R.sup.4 --X, wherein R.sup.4 is selected from aromatic groups, 1-alkenyl groups and 1-cycloalkenyl groups and X is a particular leaving group, especially a triflate group. The .alpha.-substituted arylacetamides are useful as intermediates in the preparation (by reduction) of .alpha.-substituted arylethylamines, e.g., 1-substituted-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines, having pharmacological activity. Certain benzazepines wherein the 1-substituent R.sup.4 is 1-(1-cycloalkenyl) are novel.

Abstract: Novel polycyclic quinoline, naphthyridine and pyrazinopyridine derivatives are disclosed which are useful for treating allergic reactions, inflammation, peptic ulcers, hypertension, and hyperproliferative skin diseases and for suppressing the immune response in mammals. Methods for preparing said compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of .alpha.-substituted arylacetamides wherein the substituent is an aromatic group or a 1-alkenyl or 1-cycloalkenyl group and wherein the nitrogen atom carries no hydrogen atoms comprises the reaction of an arylacetamide having one or two hydrogen atoms on the .alpha.-carbon atom, wherein the nitrogen atom carries no hydrogen atoms, with a strong base in an inert aprotic organic solvent, followed by reaction with a zerovalent transition metal catalyst and then with a compound of the formula R.sup.4 --X, wherein R.sup.4 is selected from aromatic groups, 1-alkenyl groups and 1-cycloalkenyl groups and X is a particular leaving group, especially a triflate group. The .alpha.-substituted arylacetamides are useful as intermediates in the preparation (by reduction) of .alpha.-substituted arylethylamines, e.g., 1-substituted-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines, having pharmacological activity. Certain benzazepines wherein the 1-substituent R.sup.4 is 1-(1-cycloalkenyl) are novel.

Abstract: Novel polycyclic quinoline, naphthyridine and pyrazinopyridine derivatives are disclosed which are useful for treatment allergic reactions, inflammation, peptic ulcers, hypertension, and hyperproliferative skin diseases and for suppressing the immune response in mammals. Methods for preparing said compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel polycyclic quinoline, naphthyridine and pyrazinopyridine derivatives are disclosed which are useful for treating allergic reactions, inflammation, peptic ulcers, hypertension, and hyperproliferative skin diseases and for suppressing the immune response in mammals. Methods for preparing said compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies to .gamma.-interferon and hybridomas producing such antibodies are disclosed. The antibodies are preferably of the immunoglobulin subclass IgG.sub.1, .kappa., and do not bind to interferon-.alpha..sub.2.