Abstract: A process for the preparation of an N-alkyl- or N-phenylalkyl-substituted pyrazole I by reacting the corresponding N-unsubstituted pyrazole II with an alcohol III of the formula R.sup.1 --OH where R.sup.1 is the same alkyl or phenylalkyl group to be added to the unsubstituted nitrogen group --NH-- of the pyrazole reactant. Both of the reactants, i.e. the pyrazole II and alcohol III compounds, are catalytically reacted in the liquid phase in a molar ratio of from 0.001:1 to 1:1, at temperatures of 50.degree.-400.degree. C. and under a subatmosheric pressure of from 0.8 bar up to a superatmospheric pressure of 250 bar. The catalyst required for this liquid phase reaction is selected as being at least one or more non-heterogeneous acid catalysts, their alkyl esters or their acid anhydrides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of alkylphenols of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 stand for hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, by reaction of an alkylcyclohex-2-en-1-one of the formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 have the aforementioned meanings, at temperatures of from 200.degree. to 400.degree. C. and pressures ranging from 0.01 to 50 bar in the presence of palladium-on-.alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalysts, wherein the catalyst used has a specific surface area (BET) of from 1 to 10 m.sup.2 /g, a pore diameter of from 5 nm to 300 .mu.m and a pore volume of from 0.1 to 0.5 cm.sup.3 /g, from 80 to 100% of the pores having a diameter of from 40 to 400 nm, and also novel palladium-on-.alpha.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalysts as obtained from a fine-grained alumina powder by steps of molding, pyrolysis and calcination.

Abstract: A process for preparing an amine by catalytic reaction of an olefin with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine by contacting a mixture of the reactants in a reactor at 200.degree. to 400.degree. C. and an elevated pressure up to 700 bar in the presence of a catalyst consisting essentially of an X-ray amorphous (non-crystalline) mesoporous catalyst, some of which may have a microporous non-crystalline content. The catalyst has the compositiona MO.sub.2 * b Q.sub.2 O.sub.3 * c P.sub.2 O.sub.5where Q is at least one of the trivalent elements aluminum, boron, chromium, iron or gallium, and M is at least one of the tetravalent elements silicon, titanium or germanium. The molar ratio of a:b is from 0.5:1 to 1000:1 and the molar ratio of c:b is from 0 to 2:1. As prepared and used in the process, this non-crystalline catalyst has a specific BET surface area of from 200 to 1000 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds in which at least one amino group is bonded to an aromatic nucleus are catalytically hydrogenated in the liquid phase by a process in which the catalyst consists essentially of ruthenium and, optionally at least one metal of subgroup I, VII or VIII in an amount of from 0.01 to 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a carrier which has a mean pore diameter of at least 0.1 .mu.m and a surface area of not more than 15 m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of enol ethers of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4,R.sup.5 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 phenylalkyl,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4 denote hydrogen, aryl, cyano, --COOR.sup.5, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl monosubstituted to trisubstituted or interrupted by --COOR.sup.5, --C.dbd.O, cyano, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl monosubstituted to trisubstituted by --COOR.sup.5, --C.dbd.O, cyano, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, or C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 phenylalkyl andR.sup.2 and R.sup.4 or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alkylene chain or a C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkylidene chain, from acetals or ketals.

Abstract: Aromatic aldehydes are prepared by catalytically reacting aromatic carboxylic acids or their esters with hydrogen in the gas phase at from 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. and from 0.1 to 20 bar in the presence of a zirconium dioxide/lanthanide catalyst having a high BET surface area of from 20 to 150 m.sup.2 /g, preferably from 40 to 150 m.sup.2 /g. The proportions by weight of the catalytically active mass range from 80 to 99.9% by weight of zirconium dioxide and from 0.01 to 20 %by weight of one or more lanthanide elements. This catalyst provides very high conversion rates of 94 to 100% together with a correspondingly high selectivity for the aldehyde product.

Abstract: Amines are prepared by reacting a mixture obtained in the cracking of mineral oil fractions with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -alkylcycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 -cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 --C.sub.20 -alkylaryl or C.sub.7 --C.sub.20 -aralkyl or together are a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkylene ene chain,at from 200.degree. to 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine from 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone which requires three spatially separated reaction spaces, in order to carry out the following three steps in sequence:a) reacting the 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone with excess ammonia on acidic metal-oxide catalysts in a first reaction space at from 20.degree. to 150.degree. C. and from 50 to 300 bar,b) hydrogenating the resultant reaction products using hydrogen in a second reaction space in the presence of excess ammonia and preferably liquid ammonia on hydrogenation catalysts, optionally using basic components or on neutral or basic supports at from 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. and at from 50 to 300 bar, andc) hydrogenating the resultant reaction products in the presence of hydrogen and also ammonia in a third reaction space on hydrogenation catalysts, optionally using basic components or on neutral or basic supports at from 110.degree. to 160.degree. C. and at from 150 to 300 bar.

Abstract: A supported palladium catalyst having a palladium content of from 0.001 to 2 wt %, in which palladium is present, substantially in the absence of promotor metal, in the form of a layer having a thickness of less than 5000 nm forming a shell around the support, in which the palladium is applied in the form of a sol to a support by impregnation, or by spraying on to a heated support, and the use of said catalyst for the hydrogenation of acetylenes and dienes.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing amines by hydrogenating compounds with at least 3 cyano groups prepared by adding acrylonitrile to ammonia or primary amines at temperatures from 80.degree. to 200.degree. C. and pressures from 5 to 500 bars.

Abstract: A process for preparing N-alkenylureas of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.40 -alkyl, C.sub.2 - to C.sub.40 -alkenyl, C.sub.3 - to C.sub.20 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 - to C.sub.20 -alkylcyc1oalkyl, C.sub.4 - to C.sub.20 -cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 - to C.sub.20 -alkylaryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.20 -aralkyl, or aryl, C.sub.7 - to C.sub.20 -alkylaryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.20 -aralkyl which are mono- to pentasubstituted by C.sub.1 - to C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.8 -alkoxy or halogen, together are a C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -alkylene chain which is unsubstituted or mono- to hexasubstituted by C.sub.1 - to C.sub.8 -alkyl, andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.8 -alkyl,by reaction of ureas of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the abovementioned meanings, with an alkenyl carboxylate of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the abovementioned meanings and R.sup.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.

Abstract: Moldings which comprise from 30 to 100% by weight of graphite, prepared from graphite powders which comprise from 5 to 100% by weight of rhombohedral crystalline graphite and, if required, contain additives and/or binders, and a process for their preparation and their use as catalyst carriers, heat transfer material, column packing or diluent in catalyst beds.

Abstract: Catalyst and process for the preparation of butene-2-diol-1,4 by the hydrogenation of butyne-2-diol-1,4 in aqueous solution over a palladium-containing fixed-bed catalyst, which is doped with lead or cadmium, in which a catalyst is used which has been made by applying Pd and Pb or Pd and Cd successively, by vapor deposition or sputtering, to a metal gauze or a metal foil acting as support material followed by forming the catalyst at an elevated temperature in air.

Abstract: Process for carrying out gas/liquid reactions at from (-50.degree.) to 300.degree. C. and from 0.1 to 100 bar by carrying out the reaction in the absence of a continuous gas phase, and, as a special case, a process for the batchwise reaction of acetylene in the liquid phase at from 0.degree. to 300.degree. C. and from 2 to 30 bar, in which acetylene is introduced a) in the absence of a continuous gas phase and b) under isobaric conditions to a degree of saturation of from 5 to 100%.

Abstract: Phosphorus-containing calixarenes of the general formula I ##STR1## and a process for their preparation are described. Additionally, a process for the preparation of aldehydes by the hydroformylation of C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 -olefins by means of rhodium or ruthenium carbonyl complexes, in which the phosphorus-containing calixarenes of the formula I are used as ligands, is described.

Abstract: Polyoxyalkylene glycol monoethers of monohydric alcohols are prepared by a process in which tetrahydrofuran or a mixture of tetrahydrofuran with a total of not more than 95 mol %, based on the amount of tetrahydrofuran used, of one or more comonomers from the group consisting of the cyclic ethers and acetals is polymerized in the absence of water and in the presence of a monohydric alcohol and of an anhydrous heteropoly acid catalyst.

Abstract: Mixtures which contain silver with a particle diameter of from 0.001 to 5 .mu.m on a neutral or basic non-zeolite carrier oxide of elements of group IIa, IIIa, IIb, IIIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements, of the lanthanides or mixtures thereof, and a process for preparing these mixtures and antibiotic compositions which comprise these mixtures are described.

Abstract: 3-Aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine is prepared by reacting 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone with 3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine and subsequently or simultaneously adding ammonia under a hydrogen pressure of from 50 to 300 bar in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst at from 20.degree. to 150.degree. C., by a process in which the reaction is carried out without removing the water of reaction.

Abstract: The process for the producing improved shaped sintered articles by first shaping a) a mixture of a ceramic or metallic powder or mixtures thereof with a moldable thermoplastic composition containing b) a thermoplastic polyoxymethylene binder and c) a second moldable and essentially inert thermoplastic polymer having a melting point between 90.degree. and 220.degree. C., such as a polyether of bisphenol A and an aliphatic diol. The binder is then removed from the shaped article by exposure to a gaseous acid-containing atmosphere, preferably below its softening temperature, while the second inert thermoplastic polymer is retained as a source of elemental carbon in which the ceramic or metallic powder is finely dispersed. This retained polymer is then pyrolyzed under an inert gas at elevated temperatures of at least 600.degree. C. for conversion to a finely dispersed elemental carbon.

Abstract: Cobalt catalysts whose catalytically active composition comprises from 55 to 98% by weight of cobalt, from 0.2 to 15% by weight of phosphorus, from 0.2 to 15% by weight of manganese and from 0.05 to 5% by weight of alkali metal, calculated as oxide, are prepared by calcining the catalyst composition, reducing it at final temperatures of from 200.degree. to 400.degree. C. in a stream of hydrogen and subsequently surface-oxidizing it by treatment in a stream of air at final temperatures of from 20.degree. to 60.degree. C. and can be used in a process for hydrogenating organic nitriles and/or imines.