Abstract: Electrochromic systems providing enhanced cycle lifetime. The increase in cycle lifetime is a product of one or more of the following: novel or known asymmetric viologen compounds, mixed electrolyte systems, and mixed solvent systems.

Abstract: Novel conjugated stilbenylene polymers are disclosed having non-linear optical properties, and which can be converted to electrically conductive polymers. Such polymers are produced by reacting a novel bis-cycloalkylene sulfonium salt of 2,5-dimethyl stilbene, e.g. 2,5-(4' -methoxy)-stilbene dimethylene bis-(tetramethylene sulfonium bromide), with alkali metal hydroxide to form a cycloalkylene sulfonium salt precursor polymer, and then heating the precursor polymer under conditions to produce the stilbenylene vinylene polymer, e.g. poly(2,5-(4'-methoxy)stilbenylene vinylene).