Abstract: A mixing method particularly for the mixing of a plurality of fluids is described. A first fluid is injected into a mixing chamber with a given angular momentum and directed at a given tangent circle. The tangent circle has a radius less than that of the mixing chamber. A second fluid is injected into the mixing chamber at a position spaced from the first fluid injection area, and with a predetermined angular momentum opposite to that of the first fluid. The second fluid is directed at a tangent circle of radius less than that of the mixing chamber. The fluid injections are arranged such that the total angular momentum injection rate is less than angular momentum injection rates of the individual injected fluids. Any number of fluids may be mixed in this way, by suitable choice of the injection direction and angular momentum of each fluid.

Abstract: The upper body protector comprises a semirigid integral upper body shield having a chest plate portion, a back plate portion and shoulder plate portions, adapted to conformably embrace the chest, back and shoulders, respectively. A pair of shoulder flaps are hingedly connected to the upper body shield so that the shoulder flaps are superposed over the shoulder portions, the shoulder flaps being movable laterally in an arcuate path between an uppermost position and a lowermost position. A shoulder cap or epaulet is hingedly connected to each shoulder flap.Locking means is associated with the shoulder portions and the shoulder flaps for locking each shoulder flap in a fixed lowermost position so that the force of a downward impact on each shoulder flap is diffused, thereby reducing the force exerted on the wearer's shoulder.

Abstract: A glass, evacuated, solar collector panel, formed by a mirrored bottom sheet, structured in a series of parallel linear troughs, each approximately an ideal concentrating surface and terminating at opposite ends in approximately perpendicular linear concentrating troughs, and a top window sheet. The top and bottom sheets being joined to provide a vacuum envelope. A solar selective absorbing tube network having an input and output passing through the vacuum envelope, fixed intermediate the top and bottom sheet in the vacuum. The tube network including a plurality of parallel longitudinal tube members terminating at opposite ends in respective manifold tubes. Each tube member and manifold tubes positioned at the approximate concentration point of such series of parallel troughs and opposite troughs, respectively. Such solar collector panel also serving as an energy shield by having low transmittance of heat and radiant energy of visible and infrared wavelengths.

Abstract: A swirl mixing device adaptable as a spray nozzle or as a fluid mixing chamber for substantially complete mixing of two or more fluids is described. The device comprises a container having a closed end and an exhaust. At least two fluid injection chambers are defined within the container, the first of the chambers being located between the closed end and the second of the chambers. A first injector is arranged to inject a first fluid to be mixed into the first injection chamber with an angular momentum in one direction, and a second injector is arranged to inject a second fluid to be mixed into the second chamber with an angular momentum in the opposite direction to that of the first fluid. The fluids meet near an opening in a collar separating the two chambers, and an exit opening from the second chamber provides a fluid flow path to the exhaust.

Abstract: A swirl mixing device particularly suited for the thorough and complete mixing of a plurality of fluid reagents is disclosed. The swirl mixing device is generally composed of a cylindrically shaped container having a closed bottom and an open upper exhaust. A plurality of swirl injection levels are provided along the length of the container. Each of said swirl injection levels includes an injector set having a plurality of symmetrically spaced injectors distributed around the inner surface of the chamber wall in a plane perpendicular to the chambers's longitudinal axis. Each of said injectors in a given injector set has an injector axis directed at a given tangent circle with common radial and azimuthal directional components whereby the injected reagent enters the chamber with swirl.