Abstract: An adaptor for a dental syringe handpiece has a central bore forming two chambers one of which receives a disposable syringe tip and the other selectively applied pressurized water and/or air from the handpiece. The adapter in one embodiment has a shoulder in the central bore acting as a stop for the tip to form the two chambers. In another embodiment, a tube attached to the adaptor in the adaptor bore serves as a stop for the tip. In another embodiment the tube has a sharp edge which engages the tip in the adaptor bore. The tip is urged against the edge by a gripping member and nut as the nut is tightened over the adaptor. The tip has several embodiments wherein a central passageway is surrounded by a plurality of outer passageways, the outer passages being arranged in arrays on different diameter circles. The outer passageways may be of different diameters and shapes.

Abstract: A system for stabilizing an irradiated mask for use in lithographic set-ups, the mask including formations which are permeable to electromagnetic or corpuscular radiations, especially ion beams, the system having one or more cooling surfaces that surround the beam axis, are disposed in the field of view of the mask, and are located between the mask and the radiation source and/or behind the mask. The cooling surfaces preferably are in the form of surfaces of revolutions, are comprised of metal, have grooves that produce multiple reflections of the thermal radiation and are spaced equal distances apart from the axis of the optical path. The distances from the cooling surfaces to the axis of the optical path preferably exceed the distance from the edge of the mask sheet to the axis of the optical path. The mask is disposed in a chamber which is maintained by automatic control at a constant temperature, particularly at room temperature, e.g. by heating of the walls.

Abstract: A collector apparatus and collection method for use with a blown-out seabottom wellhead. The collector apparatus, including a collector element with an extended, open base and an upper portion enclosing a volume to receive fluid (substantial quantities of gas and lesser quantities of oil) rising, in the water, from the wellhead, and a riser connected to the collector element and extending thereabove to conduct fluid therefrom, is characterized in that the collector element is adapted for fixable attachment to the ocean floor about the seabottom well head prior to any blow-out, and the upper portion of the collector element further includes a relief passage from its interior to the exterior of the collector apparatus, the release passage adapted to vent excess gas from the collector apparatus during initial stages of any blow-out.

Abstract: A collector apparatus and method for use with a blown-out seabottom wellhead comprising a plurality of collector elements each having an extended, open base and an upper portion enclosing a volume to receive fluid comprising gas and lesser quantities of oil rising, in the water, from the wellhead, and risers connected to the collector elements and extending thereabove to conduct fluid therefrom. One collector element is disposed below at least one other collector element with an open volume defined therebetween, the first element positioned to intercept fluid rising from the wellhead, and the second element positioned to receive and collect excess flow of fluid that is not collected by the first element. A riser extends from the first collector element to the surface of the sea, and a second riser extends from the second collector element to a storage tank above the second collector element.

Abstract: Novel laser resonator cavities and laser wavelength tuning arrangements are disclosed. A pair of similar spectral dispersion means achieve in the resonator both a colinear region for rays of different wavelengths and a region in which rays of different wavelengths coextend separated and substantially parallel. Amplifying medium in an optical cavity following at least a first dispersion means, preferably in the parallel region of a laser having paired dispersion means, enable amplification at the different wavelengths while limiting their coupling via the amplifying medium. One or a number of apertures disposed in a dispersed path within a laser cavity are positioned to transmit a selected ray or rays and to block rays of unwanted wavelength whereby laser oscillation wavelength is determined. The above features are variously combined to achieve colinear output beams of various wavelengths and injection-type control of laser oscillation. Variable reflecting optics, e.g.

Abstract: Remote-cutting instrument formed by an inner tube rotating within an outer tube, in which an initial cutting point where portions of the tubes first come together during a cutting cycle is defined at the distal extremity of the sides of the tubes and cutting edges extend from this initial point longitudinally along the sides of the tubes. The coacting side edges of the tubes diverge in the proximal direction. There are end cutting edges of circular form, defining cusp-shaped points.

Abstract: An impact tool capable of use in place of a conventional jackhammer, the tool being of the type having an axially moving impact member guided telescopically by a mating guide member, and characterized by the following combination:(a) the impact member is a massive elongated rod, having a length of the order of two feet or greater, a diameter of the order of one inch or greater, and comprised of impact-resistant heavy material such as steel to have a weight of the order of 10 pounds;(b) the guide member is a rigid hollow outer sleeve, having a slidable fit over the massive rod and having a lower end formation of internal shape corresponding to the external shape of the shank of a jackhammer tool bit;(c) a restraint means retains the jackhammer tool bit with its shank inserted into the lower end formation of the guide; and(d) the massive rod and the guide member are cooperatively dimensioned so that the massive rod protrudes to enable a worker to alternately retract the massive rod and propel it against the end

Abstract: A pulsed gas laser in which a multitude of sheet-form conductors are assembled face to face with aligned apertures defining a beam path through the thickness of the assembly. In the embodiment shown the conductors are paired to form transmission lines, one conductor of each transmission line being interrupted and exposed at the aperture to form a discharge gap while the opposite conductor is electrically isolated from the aperture. The impedance introduced to the transmission line discharge circuit by a suitable aperture is found to be sufficiently low to permit application of a fast rise voltage wave for energizing gas at the gap. Increase in the number of elements in the assembly can progressively increase performance over a wide range.

Abstract: Optical radiation generation and detection using metal-to-metal diode junctions. Coherent optical radiation is generated by using an antenna connected to a metal-to-metal diode junction with non-linear current-voltage characteristics and by coupling to the junction electromagnetic radiation energy to interact with the junction, causing emission from the antenna at optical frequency absent from the input. Optical diodes are shown in the forms of a mechanically contacted cat whisker system and as single and multiple microscopic solid portions in an integrated solid mass, defining both the antenna and the junction, preferably as a deposit of solid layers upon a substrate, preferably as overlapping printed circuit line structures. Arrays of such junctions provide enhanced effects; useful arrays include Franklin-Marconi geometries, fish-bone antennas and row and column arrays.

Abstract: Laser detector for gases employs two beams, one at wave length corresponding to an optical absorption resonance of the gas to be detected, 3.39 micron in the preferred methane detector, and another at a similar wave length, but lying outside of the effective absorption curve, with a balance circuit for detection. The embodiments show common beam path, common lasing medium and common power sources for generating the two beams. In one embodiment two resonant cavities share a common discharge tube and output mirror through switching, while in others the resonators are separate but sharing the same gas system or power supply. A suppression cell filled with methane is employed to suppress a dominant transition, to establish lasing at another transition, and adjustable length and adjustable pressure cells are also employed to enable balancing of the system prior to detection.

Abstract: An auditorium simulator which is suitable for earphones or speakers placed closely to the ears, is comprised of delay and attenuation devices for simulating the various sound paths in an auditorium and includes listener simulating means for producing different direction-signifying transforms to the signals for the two ears, thus to give cues to the ears for localizing the direction of the signals in the respective simulated sound paths. Use of a number of these paths synthesizes the various important reflected images of the sound source, even of wide stage images, making possible a realistic high fidelity impression of concert hall attendance. Conventional two channel stereo recordings played from a conventional player or receiver are processed by an adapter for use by the simulator. The listener transforms are based upon interaural time delay between the ears of a listener, head shadow for the ear remote from the wall from which a reflection is supposed to be received and pinna effect.

Abstract: Optical radiation generation and detection using metal-to-metal diode junctions. Coherent optical radiation is generated by using an antenna connected to a metal-to-metal diode junction with non-linear current-voltage characteristics and by coupling to the junction electromagnetic radiation energy to interact with the junction, causing emission from the antenna at optical frequency absent from the input. Optical diodes are shown in the forms of a mechanically contacted cat whisker system and as single and multiple microscopic solid portions in an integrated solid mass, defining both the antenna and the junction, preferably as a deposit of solid layers upon a substrate, preferably as overlapping printed circuit line structures. Arrays of such junctions provide enhanced effects; useful arrays include Franklin-Marconi geometries, fish-bone antennas and row and column arrays.

Abstract: Optical diodes are shown in the forms of a mechanically contacted cat whisker system and as single and multiple microscopic solid portions in an integrated solid mass, defining both the antenna and the junction, preferably as a deposit of solid layers upon a substrate, preferably as overlapping printed circuit line structures. Arrays of such junctions provide enhanced effects.In a scanner, read-out from the junctions is shown indirectly, using an electron beam, and directly using leads connected to respective antennae. Local oscillators directing radiation upon an image disecting array, mixing in the junctions with incident radiation from the image create superheterodyne beats leading to improved levels of detection. By phase locking the local oscillator to the frequency of coherent image - illuminating radiation, and detecting phase of the beats relative to the illuminating radiation, as well as amplitude, a holographic display of the image is achieved.

Abstract: Tunneling electronic devices responsive to infrared and far infrared radiation are formed by overlapping deposits which define ultra-thin dielectric layers (less than about 10 Angstrom thickness) between metal layers, and contact areas of the order of 1 micron.sup.2 or less. Preferred embodiments feature operation in the negative impedance region, particularly using multibarrier structures or operating at low temperature with both metals superconductors, and incorporation of the same in oscillators and multivibrators. Other embodiments feature two or more such devices in the form of triodes having positive feedback achieved by radiative or inductive coupling using integrally deposited line structures as the respective antennas or inductors. Similar deposited antennas, e.g. dipole antennas, are employed to produce radiative outputs from the devices achieving, e.g. tunable sources of radiation in the far infrared or infrared.

Abstract: Tunneling electronic devices responsive to infrared and far infrared radiation are formed by overlapping deposits which define ultra-thin dielectric layers (less than aout 10 Angstrom thickness) between metal layers, and contact areas of the order of 1 micron.sup.2 or less. Preferred embodiments feature operation in the negative impedance region, particularly using multibarrier structures or operating at low temperature with both metals superconductors, and incorporation of the same in oscillators and multivibrators. Other embodiments feature two or more such devices in the form of triodes having positive feedback achieved by radiative or inductive coupling using integrally deposited line structures as the respective antennas or inductors. Similar deposited antennas, e.g. dipole antennas, are employed to produce radiative outputs from the devices achieving, e.g. tunable sources of radiation in the far infrared or infrared.

Abstract: Optical radiation generation and detection using metal-to-metal diode junctions. Coherent optical radiation is generated by using an antenna connected to a metal-to-metal diode junction with non-linear current-voltage characteristics and by coupling to the junction electromagnetic radiation energy to interact with the junction, causing emission from the antenna at optical frequency absent from the input. Optical diodes are shown in the forms of a mechanically contacted cat whisker system and as single and multiple microscopic solid portions in an integrated solid mass, defining both the antenna and the junction, preferably as a deposit of solid layers upon a substrate, preferably as overlapping printed circuit line structures. Arrays of such junctions provide enhanced effects; useful arrays include Franklin-Marconi geometries, fish-bone antennas and row and column arrays.