Abstract: Application of a communication signal, RF (radio frequency) or microwave signal to a modified optical fiber for modulating or switching-off the optical signal propagating within the optical fiber. The passive cladding material of an ordinary optical fiber is removed from a small region and replaced with active multilayer materials including at least three layers of cladding surrounding the core. These layers are the inner metallic electrode coated on the surface of the optical fiber core, the electrooptic active material layer placed on the top of the inner electrode, and the outer metallic electrode coated on the top of the electrooptic material. A communication signal applied to the electrodes will result in optical modulation so that the modulated intensity and phase of the optical signal at the receiving end of the fiber can be detected, and demodulation of the signal can be achieved.

Abstract: A treatment for dry eye and other eye problems using a plug system or a delivery system. The plug system comprises solid, porous or hollow microcapsules composed of a biodegradable biocompatible polymer. The capsules are stored in the form of a powder that can be suspended in an aqueous carrier solution or dispersed in a gel or an ointment. Alternatively a biodegradable biocompatible capsule having a treating agent encapsulated within a polymer shell or a polymer sphere, again stored in the form of a powder that can be suspended in an aqueous carrier solution or dispersed in a gel or an ointment. The plug system prevents excretion of the capsules and their size is larger then the punctum and to prevent entrance to the lachrymal excretory system. The treatment is slowly released into the eye through the polymer shell or sphere and/or gets secreted as the polymer degrades.

Abstract: A permalloy sensor having high sensitivity is presented A substrate and a sensor has a first surface having a wafer level anisotropy in a given direction. A permalloy resistor pattern of individual runners is deposited on the surface such that the mechanical length of each of said individual runners is perpendicular to the wafer level anisotropy to cause the sensor to have an anisotropy of about 90°. The permalloy is deposited as a thin film and a silicon wafer is the preferred substrate.

Abstract: An on-fiber tunable coupler and switch for communication systems. Two optical fibers are modified by replacing passive cladding with at least an inner metallic electrode, an electrooptic material layer on the inner electrode, and an outer metallic electrode on the electrooptic material. The optical fibers are positioned close to each other. More layers can be coated between any of these layers to improve the interface properties or reflectivity. The presence of an electric signal, will change the optical properties of the modified cladding, as will the propagation characteristics of the optical signal within one fiber core. This will permit tunable coupling of the signal from the first fiber core to the second fiber core(s). The coupling coefficient between the first and the second fiber(s) is adjustable. Switch-off the signal output from the first fiber to the second fiber is achieved at 100% coupling ratio.

Abstract: A dental tray having a planar portion and a single wall, useful for dental treatments including bleaching, fluoride applications, desensitizing teeth, antibacterial treatments and other dental operations. At least one groove or bead, either continuous or segmented, divides the planar portion into a first planar portion and a second foldable portion inside the tray that can be raised by the patient to form an inner wall after the tray has been inserted into the patient's mouth. The tray is formed from any dental tray material. Preferred are copolymer formed from ethylene and vinyl acetate having a forming temperature between 125° F. and 135° F. and a freezing point between about 80° F. and 106° F.

Abstract: A tug device for moving small aircraft having front wheels. A portable drill is connected to a drive wheel and a frame is attached to the wheel. The device is compact and easily assembled for use and disassembled for storage. The device includes a pair of drive wheels and is steerable when a locking latch is released. The locking latch provides rigidity to the device under load.

Abstract: A liner for a shower cap has a chamber or ampoule containing a predetermined quantity of a supercooled liquid exotherm compound and a small amount of the compound in the crystal form, such that the crystal and the liquid are separated until time for use. Upon action by the user, such as by bending or otherwise breaking the separation between the crystal and the liquid, an exothermic reaction takes place as the liquid crystallizes, releasing a known amount of heat to cause the towel to warm. Calcium carbonate is the preferred compound. A temperature indicator may also be included as part of the packaging. A hair cleaning compound is provided, such as a shampoo, hair conditioner, hair moisturizer, scalp conditioning agents or mixtures.

Abstract: A dental tray for treating teeth using upper and lower jaw patterns formed from dental wax. The patterns are thin, ranging from about 0.02 to 0.08 inches thick, with 0.04 inches preferred. The wax is capable of softening at body temperature. The patterns include a fold line formed along their lengths so an outer portion extends from the fold line about the length of the average person's front teeth, for example, about 0.625 inches. The inner portion is slightly smaller, for example, about 0.375 inches. The inner portions have gaps to permit the folded pattern to fit inside the patient's mouth. The inside of the tray may be textured to assist in holding bleaching material. The tray can be reused, and it is suitable for bleaching, fluoride treatment, stain removal, and other conventional dental procedures.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for forming sheets, comprising a pair of drums moving a belt to define a path for curing the sheets. Uncured material preferably polychloroprene, is put on the belt and squeezed between the drum and a roller to adjust the thickness of the layer. The drums rotate at a rate to permit the material to cure between the first and the second drum. Ovens cure the polychloroprene, which is removed at the second drum. The sheet has a thickness of from at least 0.004 inches to more than 0.25 inches. A plurality of sources supply material of at least two colors to form a sheet having stripes. Preferred sheets have an elongation to break of about 150% to about 1500%, a tensile strength of about 5 Mpa to about 50 Mpa and a modulus at 300% elongation of about 1 Mpa to about 10 Mpa.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a separator for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell in which the specific resistance is small, and the coefficient of thermal conductivity and the gas shielding property are high and have high strength. The sintering material comprises a phenol resin coated to the surface of a powder of carbon, and the plate is a metallic plate having plating on both surfaces. After the metallic plate is arranged in a mold provided with grooves, the sintering material is filled to both sides of the metallic plate, and then they are heated and sintered. The separator for a fuel cell becomes homogeneous, and, as a result, the gas shielding property rises with high strength, because phenol resin has been uniformly distributed in the sintering material. Moreover, because oxides are not generated on the surfaces of the separator by sintering, the specific resistance will be relatively small.

Abstract: A soft, non sharp toothpaste container for use after inspection for tampering and having a clear packet sized to include sufficient toothpaste gel for one brushing. A toothpaste gel is put in the packet, the gel being essentially transparent. The packet is sealed during manufacture to prevent insertion of additional contents without visible violation of the packet. The packet may contain printing that is sufficiently clear to permit visual inspection of the packet prior to use. When the packet is formed as a toothpaste tube having a removable cap, the cap and body of the tube are soft and flexible. Otherwise, the packet includes a score cut to permit opening by tearing on the score cut.

Abstract: A tug device for moving small aircraft having front wheels. A portable drill is connected to a drive wheel and a frame is attached to the wheel. The device is steerable, having a wheel mounted on a vertical set of pins such that the wheel is pivotable about the axis of the pins to permit turning the wheel on that axis and steering the tug while operating the drive mechanism.

Abstract: A roof vent device for providing air intake to the valley of a roof where the valley of the roof extend from the soffit to the roof ridge. The device comprises a support surface mounted in contact with valley flashings on the roof. The support surface extends axially along the hip beam of the roof and joined by the jack rafters. At least one additional layer not as wide as the support surface but axially equal in length increase the space between the hip beam and the device's central axis. The additional layers do not extend as far as central axis of the support surface, thus creating an open space between the hip beam and the support surface. A pivot point in the central axis of the support surface permits the support surface to conform to any valley flashing used.

Abstract: A tug device for moving small aircraft having front wheels. A portable drill is connected to a drive wheel and a frame is removeably attached to the wheel. The frame has a generally u-shaped configuration with a fixed position trunion on one end for engagement with an aircraft. A rotating member is mounted on the frame with an engaging trunion for aircraft engagement. A control member moves the engaging trunion into engagement with the aircraft. Dolly wheels are used for freely moving the tug. A connector connects the frame and power column to position the trunions to engage an aircraft in at least one position. Preferred is to have the connector connect the frame and power column in a first position to engage the front axle of an aircraft and a second position to engage the front wheel strut of an aircraft.

Abstract: A vent device includes a rectangular configuration having a linear axis and edges forming a lift end and a no lift end. The no lift end has a predetermined thickness to thereby define a base cross section. The lift end has a predetermined thickness of at least twice that of the base cross section. The lift end has an opening for transferring air from the environment outside the structure to an opening communicating with its interior. The lift end may have at least two sets of layers to support the device at at least three locations having decreasing cross sectional height at the lift end, the interior position and the no lift end respectively. An optional pivot point permits the device to conform to the structure. Also optionally provided is a baffle or a cover filter to protect environmental particles.

Abstract: A drive mechanism for driving a vehicle, comprising a pair of drive wheels each having a drive shaft, a source of hydraulic oil under pressure on the vehicle and controlled by a control unit for delivering hydraulic oil in two directions, wherein the drive shafts of the pair of wheels are each driven by a high torque, low speed hydraulic motor or pump. The principal components of the motors include a crank shaft mounted in the housing for connection to the drive shafts of the wheels. At least two cylinder and piston assemblies are attached to the crank shaft for rotation of the crank shaft upon movement of the pistons between a minimum and maximum point of travel in the cylinders to thereby impart motion to the wheel drive shaft. A valve assembly provides hydraulic fluid to the cylinders to sequentially move the pistons in the desired direction of piston travel. The two motors are mounted on the vehicle to form a transaxle unit, and controls permit simultaneous or independent operation of the two motors.

Abstract: Nanofibers are produced having a diameter ranging from about 4 Å to 1 nm, and a nano denier of about 10−9. The use of the electro-spinning process permits production of the desired nanofibrils. These fibrils in combination with a carrier or strengthening fibers/filaments can be converted directly into nonwoven fibrous assemblies or converted into linear assemblies(yarns) before weaving, braiding or knitting into 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional fabrics. The electrospun fiber can be fed in an air vortex spinning apparatus developed to form a linear fibrous assembly. The process makes use of an air stream in a properly confined cavity. The vortex of air provides a gentle means to convert a mixture of the fibril fed directly or indirectly from the ESP unit and a fiber mass or filament into an integral assembly with proper level of orientation. Incorporation of thus produced woven products into tissue engineering is part of the present invention.

Abstract: A system and method for evaluating flexible structures such as textiles under load generally. A specific embodiment is shown for parachutes. A plurality of first sensors and second sensors are attached to the parachute on its canopy and suspension lines. Preferred first sensors are fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) type sensors, and preferred second sensors are modal power distribution (MPD) type sensors. A fiber optic network interconnects the pluralities of first and second sensors to provide sensor outputs which are converted to electronic signals, modulated and transmitted to a receiving station for receiving and processing the transmitted modulated electronic signals. The preferred fiber optic network includes a plurality of light emitting diodes positioned at one end of each fibers and a photodiode array positioned to receive light from each of the fibers.