Abstract: Impervious graphite tubes, rings and other chemical processing structures made from impervious graphite can be improved with respect to impact strength, safety, shock resistance, pressure capability and heat transfer capability by partially thermally degrading impervious graphite structures and coating the outer surfaces of the treated graphite structures with a layer of metal at an elevated temperature. Upon cooling, the structure is under compression and has the improved properties. Structures are claimed comprising metal armored, partially thermally degraded impervious graphite.

Abstract: A method of producing improved metal coated glassware and other brittle, non-metallic engineering materials, including items for laboratory and industry, which items are ordinarily brittle and subject to breakage or rupture under relatively low pressures and relatively minor impacts, said method utilizing an anti-bonding film, such as graphite, between the external surface of the glass, and a metal coating, which is generally chemically vapor deposited. The coated products have good impact strength, shock resistance, good heat distribution, good pressure capability, and an extremely high safety factor. Brittle fracture or rupture is a fracture unaccompanied by plastic or permanent deformation. Brittleness is that quality or property of a material that leads to crack propagation without plastic deformation.

Abstract: Improved metal coated glassware and other brittle, non-metallic engineering materials, including items for laboratory and industry, which items are ordinarily brittle and subject to breakage or rupture under relatively low pressures and relatively minor impacts, utilizing an anti-bonding film, such as graphite, between the external surface of the glass, and a metal coating, which is generally chemically vapor deposited. The coated products have good impact strength, shock resistance, good heat distribution, good pressure capability, and an extremely high safety factor. Brittle fracture or rupture is a fracture unaccompanied by plastic or permanent deformation. Brittleness is that quality or property of a material that leads to crack propagation without plastic deformation.