Abstract: The present invention relates to an echo canceler for training an echo path estimation without providing a hindrance to a speech. The echo canceler of the present invention includes a pseudo noise generator for generating a certain pseudo noise. This pseudo noise is forcibly supplied to a transmission line for transmitting a far-end talker's voice. Here, in the case where the far-end talker's transmitting speech level is faint or the far-end talker is in a speechless condition, a certain correlation is established between the pseudo noise and a signal of the transmission line for transmitting the near-end talker's voice. Based on such a correlation as just mentioned, a coefficient for generating an echo replica is calculated. Therefore, a training for estimating an echo path is performed based on the pseudo noise and without depending on the far-end talker's voice, thereby enabling to generate an appropriate echo replica.

Abstract: A mobile communications system including a plurality of communications networks, each of which has one location register (a home location register or gate location register) and one or more visitor registers. Each of the visitor registers is located in each one of visiting areas for storing information about a communication terminal. The location register stores the number of the visitor register of the visiting area in which the communication terminal is present, and the information about the communication terminal. When the communication terminal moves between the communications networks, the information about the communication terminal is transferred between the location registers. When the communication terminal moves between the visiting areas in the same communications network, the information about the communication terminal is provided from the location register to the visitor register.

Abstract: Datapath elements 1.sub.1 to 1.sub.N can exchange data respectively with local memories 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.N through data buses 6.sub.1 to 6.sub.N, so that parallel operations can be performed. The data bus 6.sub.1, which is connected with one datapath element 1.sub.1, can be connected with the other data buses 6.sub.2 to 6.sub.N through an interconnection network 5, so that by activating one datapath element 1.sub.1 only, data exchange can be made with all of the local memories 2.sub.1 to 2.sub.N through the data buses 6.sub.1 to 6.sub.N and the interconnection network 5. Thus, the multiple datapath elements can perform the parallel operations with being related with the multiple local memories: and a simple configuration is employed such that one datapath element can access to any one of the local memories.

Abstract: This invention relates to a video coding decoding apparatus for effectively refreshing a video and for recovering degradation of a video caused by code error, in a short time. A video coding decoding apparatus according to the present invention comprises area shape detection (12) for dividing the picture in the single frame into a motion compensation area and the remaining area and then detecting a shape of the motion compensation area by distinguishing between the motion compensation area and the remaining area, and motion vector estimation (14) for estimating a resultant motion vector of the overall motion compensation area from a motion vector of each block in the motion compensation area. A refreshing operation is carried out from a starting point of the estimated resultant motion vector towards the direction of the estimated resultant motion vector in a motion compensation area.