Abstract: The activity maintenance of the plasma initiators used during the upgrading of a hydrocarbon feedstock in a reaction zone using microwave radiation can be improved if molecular hydrogen is added to the reaction zone such that the weight ratio of carbon (in the molecules in contact with the plasma initiators) to hydrogen is maintained at less than 6:1 during upgrading.

Abstract: Low value hydrocarbons can be upgraded by contact with the products formed during irradiation of a hydrogen donor using microwave energy in the presence of at least one plasma initiator.

Abstract: Piston deposits resulting from neutralizing combustion acids present in the lubricating oil circulating within the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine are reduced or eliminated by first cntacting the acids with a soluble weak base in the piston ring zone of the engine to form soluble neutral salts containing the weak base and the combustion acids. Thereafter, the neutral salts are contacted with a heterogenous strong base immobilized within the lubrication system but outside of the piston ring zone. The strong base displaces the weak base from the neutral salts, returning the weak base to the oil for recirculation to the piston ring zone for further use. The remaining strong base/combustion adic salts are immobilized as deposits with the strong base rather than on the piston. In a preferred embodiment, trioctadecyl amine is the weak base and magnesium oxide is the strong base.

Abstract: The addition of an O-alkyl-N-alkoxycarbonylthionocarbamate salt of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid to a lubricating oil imparts antiwear and/or antioxidation performance to the oil.

Abstract: A combination of a low and a high molecular weight polyalkylmethacrylate has been found to be effective in reducing the pour point of a wax isomerate to a level that cannot be obtained with conventional pour point depressants. In a preferred embodiment, the wax isomerate is a slack wax isomerate.

Abstract: The presence of a minor amount of an anti-oxidant, a metal detergent, a dispersant or mixtures thereof in a hydrocarbon liquid containing certain quaternary ammonium hydroxides has been found to be effective in improving the thermal stability of the hydroxides.

Abstract: Certain aminofulvene derivatives are effective in improving the antiknock performance of gasoline when used in an internal combustion engine. Particularly preferred aminofulvene derivatives are 2-methoxycarbonyl-6-(dimethylamino)fulvene; 2,3-dimethoxycarbonyl-6-(dimethylamino)fulvene; or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A lubricating composition having improved high and low temperature properties is disclosed. More specifically, the addition of a certain ethylene copolymers having a Melt Index of at least about 40 g/10 mins. to a mixture comprising (1) a lubricating oil, (2) a thickener, and (3) a VI improver results in a lubricating composition which has both excellent high temperature adhesiveness and low temperature slumpability.

Abstract: Hydroperoxides can be removed from a lubricating oil by contacting the oil passing through an oil filter with a heterogenous hydroperoxide decomposer. This extends the useful life of the oil and the equipment being lubricated. In a preferred embodiment, the hydroperoxide decomposer is incorporated on a substrate immobilized within the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A grease composition having improved water resistance is disclosed. More specifically, the addition of an ethylene copolymer having an amine functionality to a base grease comprising a lubricating oil and a water insoluble thickener results in a grease composition which has enhanced water resistance relative to a grease containing an ethylene copolymer without amine functionality.

Abstract: A grease composition having impoved water resistance is disclosed. More specifically, the addition of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one other alpha-olefin monomer and an ethylene copolymer having an amine functionality to a base grease comprising a lubricating oil and a water insoluble thickener results in a grease composition which has excellent water resistance. In a preferred embodiment, polyisoprene is added to obtain a further improvement in water resistance.

Abstract: A lubricant-fuel mixture containing an amine salt and/or amide of a thiobenzoic acid derivative is effective in reducing the smoke emitted during operation of a two-cycle internal combustion engine. A preferred thiobenzoic acid derivative is 4-hydroxy-3,5-ditert-dibutyldithiobenzoate.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and method for improving the storage stability of acid treated polymer modified asphalts. More specifically, the storage stability of an asphalt which contains greater than 1.0 wt. % polymer can be improved by adding a branched, rather than a non-branched, polymer to an asphalt which has previously been reacted with an inorganic acid. The storage stable acid treated branched polymer modified asphalt thus produced is particularly well suited for use as a binder in paving materials and as a coating or saturant for roofing shingles.

Abstract: Distillate fuel compositions containing an alkyl ether mono amine derived from a Guerbet alcohol are effective in reducing the formation of intake valve deposits in internal combustion engines. A preferred alkyl ether mono amine is derived from a highly branched butoxylated Guerbet alcohol containing 20 carbon atoms and having the formulaRO[C.sub.4 H.sub.8 O].sub.(4-8) CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NH.sub.2where R is a highly branched alkyl group having 20 carbon atoms that is derived from a Guerbet condensation reaction.

Abstract: The addition of certain alkylamine substituted benzotriazole compounds to a lubricant imparts improved oxidation stability and rust inhibition to the lubricant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a composition and method for improving the storage stability of polymer modified asphalts. More specifically, the storage stability of an asphalt which contains greater than 1.0 wt. % polymer can be improved by adding the polymer to an asphalt which has previously been reacted with an inorganic acid. The storage stable acid treated polymer modified asphalt thus produced is particularly well suited for use as a binder in paving materials and as a coating or saturant for roofing shingles.

Abstract: A filter system containing, in series, a first filter media having a chemically active filter media, a physically active filter media, or mixtures thereof and a second filter media having an inactive filter media can effectively rejuvenate used lubricating oils. In a preferred embodiment, the chemically or physically active filter media will be within a cannister that is separate from a container having both active and inactive filter media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal-working lubricating oil having improved lubricity due to the addition of certain tri-esters of tri-mellitic acid to said oil. The oil thus formed is particularly well suited as roll oil lubricant in the cold rolling of stainless sheets and foil.

Abstract: Piston deposits resulting from neutralizing combustion acids present in the lubricating oil circulating within the lubrication system of an internal combustion engine are reduced or eliminated by first contacting the acids with a soluble weak base in the piston ring zone of the engine to form soluble neutral salts containing the weak base and the combustion acids. Thereafter, the neutral salts are contacted with a heterogeneous strong base immobilized within the lubrication system but outside of the piston ring zone. The strong base displaces the weak base from the neutral salts, returning the weak base to the oil for recirculation to the piston ring zone for further use. The remaining strong base/combustion acid salts are immobilized as deposits with the strong base rather than on the piston. In a preferred embodiment, trioctadecyl amine is the weak base and zinc oxide is the strong base. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the strong base is incorporated on a substrate, preferably a cement binder.

Abstract: The addition of certain mixed ligand metal complexes and a metal thiophosphate to a lubricating oil results in a significant improvement in the anti-wear performance of the oil. Tin dithiocarbamate-ethoxyethylxanthate and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate are preferred additives.