Abstract: High octane alkylate can be obtained by alkylating a paraffin with an olefin in the presence of an organic promoter and an alkylation catalyst comprising (1) a strong acid such as halosulfuric acid, trihalomethanesulfonic acid or mixtures thereof and (2) a moderator having at least one oxygen atom per molecule. The amount of organic promoter required to produce an alkylate of enhanced octane has been found to vary with reaction temperature at temperatures above about 0.degree. F. A preferred alkylation catalyst comprises fluorosulfuric acid and water.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks are hydrocracked by contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen and under hydrocracking reaction conditions with a catalyst comprised of a metal fluoride, the metal being boron, tantalum, niobium or mixtures thereof, a fluoride containing Bronsted acid and a Group VIII noble metal hydrogenation component, the Bronsted acid being present in at least an equi-molar amount relative to the metal fluoride and sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the metal fluoride. The presence of the noble metal hydrogenation component serves to extend the hydrocracking catalyst life of the metal fluoride and fluoride containing Bronsted acid. The catalyst can be described as a slurry or dispersion composed of a solid noble metal on a support in a liquid phase acid system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel activated fluid coke composition, a method for forming same, and an improved process for removing organic material from waste water by contacting said waste water under adsorption conditions with said activated fluid coke. The activated fluid coke may be prepared by contacting fluid coke with a gaseous mixture containing steam at temperatures of at least about 1500.degree. F. for a period of time sufficient to convert at least 35 weight % of the fluid coke to gaseous products. The activated fluid coke so formed preferably has a total surface area of at least 400 square meters per gram, and a pore volume of at least 0.20 cubic centimeters per gram.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon feedstocks are hydrocracked by contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen and under hydrocracking reaction conditions with a catalyst comprised of a metal fluoride, the metal being tantalum, niobium, boron or mixtures thereof, a fluoride containing Bronsted acid and palladium or iridium, the Bronsted acid being present in at least an equimolar amount relative to the metal fluoride and sufficient to dissolve at least a portion of the metal fluoride. The presence of palladium or iridium serves to extend the hydrocracking catalyst life of the metal fluoride and fluoride containing Bronsted acid. The catalyst can be described as a slurry or dispersion composed of the noble metal on a support in a liquid phase acid system.

Abstract: High octane alkylates are prepared by selectively alkylating paraffinic hydrocarbons with a hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of paraffins and olefins at alkylation conditions in the presence of hydrogen and of a catalyst comprising (a) one or more Lewis acids of the formula MX.sub.n where M is selected from the Group IIIA, IVB, V or VIB elements of the Periodic Table, X is a halogen, n is the ratio of halogen atoms to atoms of M and varies from 1-8, and (b) a hydrogen halide.

Abstract: The water content of an alkylation catalyst comprising water and an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid and fluorosulfuric acid is determined continuously by contacting fuming sulfuric acid with said catalyst in a flow ratio sufficient to maintain the mixture thus formed at the point of incipient fuming. The presence of SO.sub.3 evolved therefrom is determined by use of an SO.sub.3 detector. The flow ratio at the point of incipient fuming is a direct measure of the amount of water in the alkylation catalyst stream. The water content thus measured is then compared to the desired water content and a signal corresponding to the deviation is used to vary the rate of fresh acid makeup to the alkylation reaction zone so as to maintain the desired water content of the catalyst in said reaction zone.

Abstract: An improved method for the regeneration of catalytic cracking catalyst wherein a regeneration flue gas having a reduced concentration of carbon monoxide, preferably less than 0.05 vol. %, and a regenerated catalyst having a reduced residual carbon content, preferably less than 0.1 wt. %, are obtained by first burning coke from the coke-contaminated catayst at an elevated temperature such that when the coke burned is substantially completely converted to carbon dioxide, the temperature of the fluidized bed in the regeneration zone may then be reduced to a desired operating level while maintaining substantially complete conversion of the carbon to carbon dioxide. This is accomplished by regulating the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst in the reaction zone and adjusting the catalyst circulation rate. Effluent gas from the regeneration zone may be discharged directly to the atmosphere with no discernible effect upon ambient air quality.

Abstract: Hydrogen is produced by reacting carbon monoxide with steam at a temperature of at least 200.degree.F. in the presence of a supported catalyst containing: (1) at least one alkali metal compound derived from an acid having an ionization constant below 1 .times. 10.sup..sup.-3, (2) a metallic hydrogenation-dehydrogenation material, and (3) a halogen moiety. The ratio of metal component to alkali metal compound, each calculated on the basis of the oxide thereof, ranges from 0.0001 to about 10 parts by weight per part by weight of the alkali metal compound. The halide constituent is present in amounts in excess of about 0.01 weight %, based on total catalyst. A preferred catalyst composition comprises potassium carbonate, a mixture of cobalt and molybdenum oxides and combined chlorine contained on an alumina support.

Abstract: A process in which organic sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds are essentially quantitatively removed from hydrocarbon feedstocks by contacting said feedstocks with liquid hydrogen fluoride in the presence of hydrogen. Preferred feedstocks are those boiling in the range of from about -185.degree.C to about 345.degree.C wherein the sulfur content ranges from about 0.001 to about 10 wt. %, preferably 0.001 to about 3 wt. %.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon materials are converted to useful products by contacting the same at elevated temperatures with a catalyst comprising a refractory support in association with greater than 0.1 wt. % of iridium, osmium, ruthenium or rhodium. The catalyst metal, preferably iridium, is present on the surface of the support in highly dispersed form. The catalyst is particularly effective for promoting naphtha reforming operations.

Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as atmospheric and vacuum residua, heavy crude oils and the like, are converted to predominantly liquid hydrocarbon products by contacting said feedstocks in the presence of hydrogen with a regenerable alkali metal carbonate molten medium containing a glass-forming oxide, such as boron oxide, at a temperature in the range of from above about the melting point of said molten medium to about 1000.degree.F. and at elevated pressures. Preferably, the regenerable molten medium comprises an oxide of boron in combination with a mixture of sodium and lithium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and lithium carbonate. The carbonaceous materials (coke) which are formed in the molten medium during the above-described conversion process are gasified by contacting said carbonaceous materials with a gaseous stream containing oxygen, steam, or carbon dioxide at temperatures of from above about the melting point of said medium to about 2000.degree.F.

Abstract: Supported iridium-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalysts which are at least partially deactivated due to the deposition of carbonaceous residues thereon during contact with hydrocarbons are regenerated by (1) contacting the catalyst in a reaction zone with oxygen to burn at least a portion of the carbonaceous residues from the catalyst, (2) contacting the carbonaceous residuedepleted catalyst in a reaction zone with hydrogen at an elevated temperature to reduce a substantial portion of the iridium present on the catalyst to its metallic form, (3) contacting the treated catalyst in a reaction zone with an elemental halogen-containing gas in a reaction zone with an elemental halogen-containing gas at a temperature greater than about 850.degree.F.

Abstract: Novel hydrogenation catalysts are formed by impregnating a suitable support material with an aqueous solution of a salt of a transition metal; heat-treating the impregnated support at a temperature above 500.degree.F. to form chemical complexes on the surface of the support and to drive off moisture and absorbed oxygen; activating the surface complex by contacting the impregnated support with a soluble organometallic compound wherein the metal constituent is selected from Groups I, II and III of the Periodic Chart of the Elements, and thereafter treating the activated support material in the presence of a gaseous stream containing hydrogen at a temperature of at least 300.degree.F. to form a highly stable heterogeneous catalyst. The novel supported catalysts of the instant invention have been found to be highly active for the hydrogenation of organic compounds under extremely mild conditions.