Abstract: An indexable insert is located on a toolholder with reference to bearing surfaces on the insert and the toolholder which are proximate to the active cutting edge. These bearing surfaces are internal to the peripheral (side) flanks of the insert. Location of the insert in the toolholder is substantially independent of the relation between the toolholder pocket sidewalls and the peripheral flanks of the insert, thereby eliminating sources of error from insert manufacture and pocket manufacture. The insert and toolholder have locating units disposed thereon adapted to matingly engage each other when the insert is placed in the toolholder. At least one of the locator elements has a bearing surface or surfaces that extends through 360° and resulting in less movement of the insert during use.

Abstract: A tool assembly affording a wider range of adjustment of machining diameter, comprises a boring bar and a tool cartridge supporting a cutting tip and attached to the boring bar. The tool cartridge chassis is pivotably attached via a pin within a recess formed in boring bar; an adjustment screw is provided to a first side of the pivot axis, the screw being threaded into the cartridge chassis and situated in abutment with a surface of the bar. A compression spring is provided to a second side of the pivot axis, interposed between the boring bar and the cartridge chassis. Appreciable pivotal motion can be imparted to the cartridge chassis by loosening or tightening the adjustment screw. Adjustments can be made automatically by providing a draw-bar.

Abstract: A fully indexable negative geometry polygonal insert uses an active cutting edge extending in a first direction from each corner of the polygon downwardly from an associated major polygonal surface of the insert along with a wiping or finishing cutting edge lying substantially in the plane of the associated major surface and extending in a second direction from the insert corner. The geometry of the cutting edge enables mounting of the insert to a milling cutter with negative axial rake, such that the cutting edge is substantially parallel to an axis of rotation of the cutting tool.

Abstract: A synthetic aqueous machining fluid admixture, that is free of sulfur containing and chlorine containing lubricants, and usable in heavy duty machining (e.g. stamping, punching and drawing) operations comprises a) water, b) a water soluble or dispersible fatty acid or water soluble or dispersible fatty acid salt, c) a water soluble or dispersible ethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer having at least one terminal hydroxyl group or water soluble or dispersible derivative of an ethylene oxide propylene oxide copolymer and d) a water soluble or dispersible organic phosphate ester. Methods for heavy duty machining comprise the steps of applying a force to a workpiece by a tool contacting the workpiece and applying the synthetic aqueous fluid admixture to the interface between the tool and workpiece. The fluid exhibits safety and environmental advantages in use compared to prior art fluids comprising vanishing oils while providing equal or superior lubricity.

Abstract: Bonded abrasive articles are described wherein a metal boride modified, lead-free vitreous matrix binds abrasive grains, such abrasive articles demonstrate improved performance over vitreous bonded abrasive articles with known vitreous matrices. Vitreous bond precursor materials are described including admixtures comprising lead-free vitreous precursor material and powder of metal boride(s), and admixtures comprising metal boride modified, lead-free vitreous particles. Methods are described for producing vitreous bonded abrasive articles having abrasive grains bound by metal boride modified, lead-free vitreous matrices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a misting property of fluids, the method and apparatus simulating mist generation of fluids in machining processes. Fluid is supplied to mist generating means in an enclosure and energy input to the fluid by the mist generating means is controlled. Mist laden gas flows from the vicinity of mist generation to a mist concentration measuring means. Droplets of relatively large mass are removed from the mist prior to the flow of gas reaching the mist concentration measuring means. To further simulate machining processes, the fluid of interest is recirculated from a reservoir through the mist generating means. Mist concentration measurements produced under the same conditions for fluids of different compositions are compared to characterize the misting properties of fluids.

Abstract: An aqueous machining fluid admixture comprises water, a sulfurized oil and a water soluble salt of a dimercaptothiadiazole wherein the weight ratio of the sulfurized oil to the water soluble salt of dimercaptothiadiazole is in the range of from about 15:1 to about 45:1. A method employs the fluid by applying the fluid at the interface between tool and workpiece in shaping or working operations of metallic and solid non-metallic workpieces. The fluid is particularly effective in grinding operations to produce improved grinding ratios.

Abstract: An aqueous machining fluid composition having improved resistance to microorganisms is provided. The fluid composition comprises in admixture: a) water, b) a water insoluble organic lubricant, c) a surface active agent selected from the group consisting of nonionic, anionic having up to and including 12 carbon atoms, and cationic surfactants and mixtures thereof and d) a water soluble polyquaternary cationic biocide. Machining processes comprising the step of supplying said aqueous machining fluid to the interface between the tool and the workpiece are also provided.

Abstract: A single-phase method for quantitatively measuring the anionic surfactant content of an aqueous machining fluid is provided. The method is carried out at a pH value of from about 1.5 to about 3.0 and from about 9.5 to about 10.6 and involves the addition of an excess of a standardized aqueous solution of 1,3-didecyl-2-methylimidazolium chloride to the sample of aqueous machining fluid and then back titrating the excess 1,3-didecyl-2-methylimidazolium chloride with a standardized aqueous solution of polyvinylsulfuric acid potassium salt in the presence of toluidine blue indicator. Values of the amount of 1,3-didecyl-2-methylimidazolium chloride amount corresponding to anionic surfactant concentration are produced by conducting the method using a series of standard aqueous solutions containing anionic surfactant at known concentrations.

Abstract: A simple, convenient method is provided for measuring the concentration of a constituent of an aqueous fluid composition (e.g. aqueous machining fluid composition) and for measuring total alkalinity thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a metalworking process, such as for example a punching process, wherein a shaping tool (eg. punch) contacts and applies a non-chip forming shaping force to a metallic workpiece (eg. blank) and there is supplied to the interface between the shaping tool and the metallic workpiece an aqueous fluid composition, having an alkaline pH, comprising water, a tall oil fatty acid, sulfurized lard oil, a sulfurized olefin, an oxyethylene/oxypropylene random or block copolymer diol having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 1000 to 8000 and an organic phosphate ester such as for example poly (1,2-ethanediyl) alpha-isodecyl-omega hydroxy phosphate. Reduced forces, lower friction and improved tool life are observed.

Abstract: An improved process for making metallic pull tabs is provided. In accordance with the improved pull tab making process comprising the steps of feeding a strip of metal into a pull tab forming die and forming the metallic pull tab the step of forming the pull tab is carried out in the presence of an aqueous based lubricant composition comprising water, an alkaline pH producing substance selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, water soluble or dispersible aliphatic amines and water soluble or dispersible hydroxyl substituted aliphatic amines, an emulsifier, a water soluble or dispersible alpha (p-nonylphenyl) omega hydroxypoly (oxyethylene) phosphate ester and a water soluble or dispersible aliphatic diol.

Abstract: An polygonal indexable insert for use in periphery milling cutters. The insert is a positive insert having compound clearance faces comprised of a curve primary clearance surface adjacent the cutting edge and a planar secondary clearance surface adjacent the clearance edge of the insert. The curved primary clearance surface imparts improved strength to the cutting edge of the insert.

Abstract: A method is provided that produces grinding wheels which exhibit improved burn reduction or prevention, lower power consumption and increased penetration of metalworking fluid into the grinding zone in high metal removal rate grinding operations such as for example creep feed grinding.

Abstract: A holder blade is provided which includes an elongated member including an insert cavity for securing an insert in place. The insert cavity includes opposing surfaces which include V-shaped lengths which engage corresponding V-shaped lengths provided in opposite surfaces of the insert. A camming action is provided so that the opposing surfaces of the insert cavity may tightly grip the insert.

Abstract: An insert for a peripheral rotary milling cutter having replaceable cutting inserts. Each cutting insert having a cutting rake surface and a relief flank surface and an elliptical cutting edge defined between the cutting rake surface and the relief flank surface.

Abstract: An aqueous functional fluid composition free of formaldehyde and formaldehyde producing agents, more especially an aqueous metalworking fluid composition, having improved resistance to attack by microorganisms is provided. This fluid comprises a) water, b) a water soluble or dispersible functioning agent (e.g. water soluble or dispersible organic lubricant) and c) an antimicrobial effective amount of the combination of d) a water soluble or dispersible nitrogen bearing organic compound (e.g. monoethanolamine) and e) a water soluble or dispersible haloalkynylalkyl carbamate (e.g. 1-iodo-3-propynylbutyl carbamate).

Abstract: A cutting insert for metal cutting includes a body portion of a generally polygonal shape having a cutting end including a front end wall, sides, and top and bottom surfaces. The intersection of the top surface, end wall and sides forming a cutting edge. The top surface includes a cutting land of a generally concave shape about an axis longitudinally extending between the sides and sloping downwardly and inwardly from the cutting edge, a chipgroove area adjoining the cutting land and extending inwardly therefrom and disposed at a lower elevation than the cutting edge, and an upsloping chipbreaker portion adjoining the chipgroove area and the cutting land and leading to a plateau disposed at a higher elevation than the cutting edge and chipgroove area. The chipbreaker portion is configured symmetrically about the axis and includes a forwardly extending fingerlike projection on either side of and continuous with a rearwardly recessed region bisected by the axis.

Abstract: A polygonal indexable cutting insert with improved chip control design having a radiused chip groove and discontinuous chip breaker pads for fine finishing in turning and boring operations.