Abstract: An inspection apparatus and method for testing nuclear fuel rods for helium leaks includes the basic operative steps of constantly leaking helium at a predetermined known value into a test chamber containing a fuel rod to be tested, and sampling the atmosphere within the chamber and measuring the helium in the atmosphere. A measured helium value below a preset minimum helium value indicates a malfunction in the inspection apparatus, whereas a measured helium value above a preset maximum helium value indicates the existence of a helium leak from the fuel rods. On the other hand, a measured helium value between the minimum and maximum helium values indicates the absence of a helium leak from the fuel rod.