Abstract: An attitude control and stabilization system for momentum biased satellites utilizing a pair of counterrotating flywheels mounted parallel to its yaw axis. The speed of one of the wheels of the pair is controlled by sensing and correcting the roll axis errors of the satellite.

Abstract: A charge-coupled device array, comprised of elements arranged in one or more columns, and a moving lens positioned between the array and object to be imaged on the array are incorporated in an imaging system such as an aerial reconnaissance camera. The lens is moved relative to the column(s) of the array at the same speed that signals in the array corresponding to what is imaged thereon translate along the elements thereof such that a given point of the object is imaged on each element of a column.

Abstract: A microwave power divider is formed of a plurality of input ports (one or two pairs) and a plurality of output ports (one or two sets of three) which deliver three properly phased output signals in response to only one input signal at one input port of a pair of ports. A second signal at the second input port of the pair of ports similarly will cause three properly phased output signals to be delivered.

Abstract: The cavity of a rotatable cylindrical waveguide supports the TE.sub.11 mode of propagation of a received wave and a transmitted wave. The proximal and distal ends of the cylindrical waveguide are adjacent and axially aligned with one end of a rectangular flexible waveguide and a fixedly disposed horn aperture, respectively. The transmitted wave propagates in the TE.sub.10 mode through the rectangular waveguide to the cylindrical waveguide. Additionally, the rectangular waveguide prevents propagation therethrough of the received wave. The cylindrical waveguide couples the transmitted wave to the horn. Rotation of the end of the rectangular waveguide rotates the polarization of the transmitted wave. A pair of slots in the cylindrical waveguide form passageways between the cavity thereof and a pair of filters that pass the received wave whereby the received wave propagates through the filters.

Abstract: A radar, such as a ranging radar, includes a non-scanning antenna which directs a beam of microwave energy toward and receives a return beam from a microwave reflector. A microwave reflector is mounted to a movable platform. As the platform moves, the microwave beam is scanned along a desired object. In one application, the heighth of a non-flowing material in different parts of a container is measured.

Abstract: A furnace paddle adapted to hold semiconductor wafers therein and having means attached thereto for supporting the paddle for movement along the inside of a cylindrically-shaped tube of a semiconductor processing furnace has means attached to the paddle adjacent the supporting means for limiting the lateral movement of the supporting means up the inside wall of the tube. The means includes a guide wing having two ends for contacting respectively the inside wall of the tube at intersecting points of a chord thereof and having a stem attached to the paddle adjacent the supporting means for maintaining the ends proximate the inside wall of the tube.

Abstract: An astable multivibrator includes a first transistor a single capacitor arranged in a time constant circuit, coupled to the emitter of the transistor and a potential divider circuit coupled to the base of the transistor to apply a selectable portion of a bias supply thereto. A circuit including another transistor of polarity opposite to that of the first transistor responds to the first transistor in its conductive or non-conductive state for determining the portion of potential applied to the first transistor such as to drive the transistor into greater conduction when it is conducting and further from conduction when it is non-conducting. The threshold levels of the transistors track the voltage supply, which may be varied, such that the frequency and duty factor of the multivibrator are invariant with changes in voltage supply value.

Abstract: Apparatus for hyperthermia treatment provides transmission of microwave energy for irradiation of tissues and simultaneous and concurrent and continuous measurement of the temperature of the heated tissues at the site of the treatment. The microwave energy is supplied to the site of treated tissue by a coaxial applicator which is positioned near the tissue.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for detecting the movement of a control device (such as a tuning knob) for controlling the input to a controlled device (such as a frequency synthesizer or display) operating in discrete or digital steps. The rotational direction of a single tuning device such as a "tuning" knob causes an increase or decrease of the frequency. The rate of movement of the positioning device determines frequency bandswitching in differing degrees of coarse to fine tuning modes. The utilization of rotational direction and rate of the device provides a single control for all tuning functions.The apparatus and method is useful in both open and closed (servo) loop systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for developing a fixed photographic image on a light-sensitive, heat-developable emulsion, coated on a surface of a film base. The apparatus comprises a light source to expose the emulsion to an image of light to record a latent image on the emulsion and film support means to support the film by a gas bearing of flowing gas supplied to the emulsion and film base surfaces. The gas bearing is established by spacing the support means with respect to the film such that the pressure of gas supplied to the respective film surfaces supports the film and the film passes through the development apparatus. The support means includes heating means to heat the gas supplied to the film surfaces. The spacing is such that heat is transferred between the heating means and the respective film surfaces essentially by heat conduction to develop the fixed image.

Abstract: A reflectarray antenna includes a primary feed that radiates a primary wave to a plurality of radiators where the wave is absorbed. A portion of the absorbed wave is resolved into first and second mutually orthogonal components at first and second feed ports, respectively, of a radiator. The first component is transmitted with a designated phase shift via a transmission phase shifter to the second feed port. Correspondingly, the second component is transmitted with the designated phase shift via the phase shifter to the first feed port. After the components are transmitted to the feed ports, they are re-radiated by the radiator in polarization states orthogonal to the ones in which they were absorbed.

Abstract: The apparatus and method provides accurate temperature measurement and control of living tissue during hyperthermia treatment. The temperature is measured by a radiometer tuned to the frequency bandwidth of an energy source providing energy for heating living tissue. The radiometer measures essentially the radiant energy and thereby the temperature of the same volume of living tissue that is heated by the source during the hyperthermia treatment.

Abstract: First and second field effect transistors (FETs) each have a gallium arsenide substrate with an N-type active region that carries first and second electrodes in ohmic contact therewith and a gate electrode. The FETs are mounted in a flip-chip carrier that connects the first electrodes to ground. The FETs are biased to cause a current to flow from the first to second electrodes, whereby the first and second electrodes serve as drains and sources, respectively, of the FETs. The gate of the first FET is connected to a resonator. Additionally, a matching network connects the source of the first FET to the gate of the second FET. The matching network and the biasing of the first FET cause the gate input impedance thereof to be of a negative value that compensates for losses in the resonator. A load connected to the source of the second FET and the bias voltage cause the second FET to have a gate input impedance of a negative value that causes oscillation.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter of the type using a plurality of voltage comparators, each, in response to an applied reference voltage and an analog voltage to be digitized, producing one of two logic signals depending on which of the applied voltages is the greater includes apparatus for altering the reference voltages on some but not all the comparators as a function of time in response to a control signal.In one embodiment, each of the altered reference voltages is limited to some preselected differential relative to that applied to one of the comparators which does not have its reference voltage altered as a function of time.In another embodiment, that one comparator has its reference voltage altered as a function of ratio of the time it produces one of the two logic signals relative to the other.

Abstract: A field effect transistor (FET) is comprised of a plurality of unit transistors having a common gallium arsenide substrate with an N-type active region. Each unit transistor is comprised of a unit gate, a unit drain and a unit source. The FET is mounted in a flip-chip carrier that connects all of the unit sources together to form a first electrode of the FET. Additionally, the first electrode is connected to ground by the carrier. All of the unit drains are connected together on the substrate to form a second electrode of the FET. The FET is reverse biased to cause a current to flow from the first electrode to the second electrode, whereby the first and second electrodes are a drain and a source, respectively, of the FET.

Abstract: A field effect transistor is mounted in a flip-chip carrier which is in contact with one surface of a metal plate, the other surface of the plate being in contact with one surface of a block of beryllium oxide. A metal sheet, connected to a ground plane, is in contact with the one surface of the block and the surface of the block opposed therefrom. The plate and the sheet have a space therebetween. A film resistor is disposed upon the block in the space.

Abstract: A synthetic focused image hologram of a white light image is recorded as variations in the depths of grooves of a diffraction grating in a layer of thermoplastic material located on a layer of photoconductive material. The thermoplastic layer is manufactured with initial, uniform, shallow grooves of the diffraction grating. A voltage is applied across the layers to deposit a uniform charge, a white-light image is projected on the thermoplastic layer, the layers are recharged and the thermoplastic layer is heated, whereby the initial shallow grooves are selectively deepened in accordance with the image.

Abstract: A transmitter provides a frequency modulated voltage and a sawtooth voltage. The sawtooth voltage has an amplitude proportional to the frequency of the modulated voltage. The modulated voltage is coupled to an antenna via a varactor that is biased by the sawtooth voltage.

Abstract: A ridged rectangular launching waveguide and a ridged rectangular radiating waveguide have a common length-wise wall comprised of wall segments. A wave launched at the proximal end of the launching waveguide is coupled to the radiating waveguide through passageways between the segments. A cylindrical metal rod extends through a segment to the wavepaths of the waveguides. Additionally, the ridges of the waveguides have similar notches near the rod, the rod and the notches forming similar attenuators in the wavepaths. The passageways result in a formation of a pair of three-db, ninety-degree hybrids connected back-to-back through the attenuators. The hybrids and the attenuators couple a predetermined percentage of the energy of the wave to a radiating slot in a panel at the distal end of the radiating waveguide. The remainder of the wave energy is reflected by the attenuators and coupled by the hybrids through the radiating waveguide towards the proximal end thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a record media guide for optical scanners to position accurately the record media such as film during both the recording as well as the reading mode. The film guide provides a gaseous bearing to reduce film wear, prevents the deformation of film edge curl and allows for optical scanning without reflections.