Abstract: Water-soluble copolymers having a K value of from 8 to 100 (determined according to H. Fikentscher on sodium salt in aqueous solution at 25.degree. C., a pH of 7 and a polymer concentration of the Na salt of 1% by weight) contain, in polymerized form,(a) not less than 15 mol % of one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -monocarboxylic acids,(b) from 0.5 to 84.5 mol % of one or more ethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 -dicarboxylic acids,(c) from 0 to 20 mol % of one or more hydroxyalkyl esters, where hydroxyalkyl is of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids,(d) from 0 to 30 mol % of other water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with (a), (b) and (c),(e) from 0.

Abstract: A detergent contains as a grayness inhibitor in the wash and aftertreatment of textile material containing synthetic fibers a graft polymer obtainable by grafting(a) a polyalkylene oxide which has a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 100,000 and is based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide with(b) N-vinlypyrrolidone and(c) a vinyl ester derived from a saturated monocarboxylic acid containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms and/or a methyl or ethyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid in a weight ratio (a):(b):(c) of from 1:0.3:1 to 1:5:30, the order of the addition of (b) and (c) in the graft copolymerization being immaterial and it being possible for up to 1 mole % of the grafted-on monomers (c) to be hydrolyzed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxy-4-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenones, by reacting 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenones with ethylene carbonate in the presence of a quaternary ammonium salt catalyst at elevated temperatures, and isolating the finished product from the crude reaction mixture.

Abstract: Detergents contain graft polymers obtainable by grafting(a) polycondensates based on polyesters, polyester urethanes and polyester amides and having in each case a number average molecular weight from 500 to 100,000 with(b) from 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, based on 1 part by weight of the polycondensates, of vinyl esters of saturated C.sub.1 - to C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids, acrylic and/or methacrylic esters of saturated monohydric alcohols containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A detergent containing as grayness inhibitor in the wash and aftertreatment of textile material containing synthetic fibers graft polymers obtainable by grafting(a) polyalkylene oxides which have a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 100,000 and are based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide, with(b) at least one vinyl ester derived from a saturated monocarboxylic acid containing 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a methyl or ethyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid and optionally mixtures of at least one of the monomers mentioned and up to 95% by weight of vinyl acetate in a weight ratio (a):(b) of from 1:02 to 1:10.

Abstract: A detergent containing as grayness inhibitor in the wash and aftertreatment of textile material containing synthetic fibers graft polymers obtainable by grafting(a) a polyalkylene oxide which has a number average molecular weight of from 300 to 100,000, is based on ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide, and is end group capped at at least one end, with(b) at least on vinyl ester derived from a saturated monocarboxylic acid containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and/or a methyl or ethyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid in a weight ratio (a):(b) of from 1:0.2 to 1:10.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polymaleic acid by polymerizing maleic anhydride in an aromatic hydrocarbon at from 60.degree. to 200.degree. C., using from 1 to 20% by weight, based on maleic anhydride, of peroxyesters derived from saturated or ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, as the polymerization initiators and hydrolyzing the polymer, the polymaleic acid thus obtained and the use of the polymaleic acid as an agent for reducing scale formation and hard water deposits in systems through which water flows.

Abstract: Polyacetals obtainable by reaction of(a) a dialdehyde of the formulaOHC--A.sub.n --CHOwhereA=C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylene or ##STR1## and n is 0 or 1, is reacted with(b) a polycarboxylic acid of 5 to 7 carbon atoms which contains not less than 3 OH groups,in a molar ratio (a):(b) of 1:0.25 to 4 in an aqueous medium in the presence of an acid catalyst, are used as additives in washing agents and as complexing agents for heavy metal ions.

Abstract: Detergents which contain from 0.01 to 20% by weight of oxyalkylated, carbonyl-containing polymers can be prepared by reacting.(A) a polymer which contains, as copolymerized units, one or more monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -carboxylic acids with(B) ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, n-butylene oxide, isobutylene oxide or a mixture of these, in an aqueous medium at up to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Covered polyurethane foam panels have incorporated in them an adhesion enhancer which is composed of a polyester polyol and a heteric polyether polyol. The polyester polyol is preferably an adduct of adipic acid with ethylene glycol and butanediol. The heteric polyether polyol contains from about 35 weight percent to about 75 weight percent ethylene oxide, the remainder being propylene or butylene oxide and has a functionality from about 2 to about 3.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to compositions prepared by oxyalkylation of N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-aniline as the initiator compound with one or more alkylene oxides at elevated temperatures and in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide. The resulting compositions have an unsymmetric structure with two functional groups, a secondary amino nitrogen and a hydroxyl group. The initiator compound reacts completely and removal of any residual initiator from the polyol is not required. When the subject invention polyol composition is reacted with an isocyanate, both urea and urethane groups form. The subject polyols may be used in the preparation of polyurethane products as well as nonionic and ionic surfactants.

Abstract: Relates to deodorizing a polyoxypropylene group terminated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol composition by removing allyloxypropan-2-ol in sufficient amount to reduce the content to less than 200 ppm.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to a polyhydroxy alcohol-based antifreeze concentrate for engines containing aluminum parts which utilizes certain heteropolymolybdate compounds as corrosion inhibitors for aluminum parts. In addition, the antifreeze contains conventional components such as a buffer, silicate, and nitrate.

Abstract: A method for producing liquid isocyanurate modified Polymeric MDI composition containing a high two-ring MDI content, and foams made therefrom is described. The method comprises trimerizing a polymeric MDI in the presence of catalytically effective amount of a trimerization catalyst to form an isocyanurate containing polyisocyanate having a viscosity of about 100,000 mPas. The trimerization catalyst is thereafter deactivated and the isocyanurate-modified polyisocyanate is blended with a methylene bis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) to form a final product having a two-ring content of about 60 percent of the total ring content and a viscosity comparable to polymeric MDI. Foams produced using this liquid isocyanurate modified polymeric MDI are of a substantially lighter color than those produced from standard polymeric MDI.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of liquid polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate blends containing carbodiimide-uretonimine isocyanate linkages, containing a high two-ring methylene bis(phenylisocyanate) content, and light colored polyurethane foams made therefrom. The process is comprised of reacting polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate with a catalytically effective amount of a carbodiimide-uretonimine promoting compound at a temperature sufficient to promote the formation of carbodiimide-uretonimine linkages and an isocyanate content of about 25 percent and the desired viscosity is reached, and then reacting that product to deactivate the carbodiimide-uretonimine catalyst, and finally blending two ring methylene bis(phenylisocyanate) with the product to produce a mixture having a two ring isocyanate content of about 60 percent of the total ring content and a viscosity comparable to standard polymeric MDI.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of fiber composite materials by impregnating fiber reinforcing material with a solution of a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic precursor, followed by evaporating the solvent used by means of exposure to light having a wave length corresponding to the absorption maximum of the solvent.

Abstract: Bead polymers are prepared by reverse suspension polymerization by a process in which an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized in an aliphatic hydrocarbon using an inorganic suspending agent based on a modified finely divided mineral and, in addition, from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers used, of a nonionic surfactant, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, with the formation of a water-in-oil polymer suspension.

Abstract: A plant seed is prepared by enveloping the seed in a coating of a film-forming composition comprising certain polyoxyethylene-polyoxybutylene block copolymers.

Abstract: A new type of ionic thickener for water-based products including functional fluids such as hydraulic fluids, cosmetic emulsions, etc. These new thickeners are prepared from polyoxyalklylene glycols, higher alkyl monoepoxides, lower alkyl monohalo lower alkyl carboxylates, and alkali metal hydroxide. These novel thickeners are generally characterized by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a methylene or lower polymethylene group, R' is a higher alkyl group and R" is selected from the group consisting of oxyethylene groups and heteric or block copolymer mixtures of oxyethylene and other lower oxyalkylene groups, said copolymer containing at least 75 percent oxyethylene groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of toluene diamine from dinitrotoluene involving hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene with hydrogen gas at elevated temperatures and super atmospheric pressure in the presence of a supported nickel catalyst and carbon monoxide ranging from 0.001 to 0.1 volume percent. The rate of hydrogenation, product quality and yield are improved when hydrogen spiked with small amounts of carbon monoxide was used.