Abstract: An electromagnetic engine is disclosed which utilizes a plurality of rotors mounted on a common drive shaft. There are permanent magnets mounted on and near the periphery of the rotors. Electromagnets are mounted external to the rotors but adjacent to the periphery of the rotors. A timing means is provided with each rotor to sense the position of the rotor and energize the electromagnets to a first magnetic polarity when the permanent magnets are a predetermined angular distance from an electromagnet. The energized electromagnets attract the permanent magnets and create rotation of the rotors and drive shaft. When a permanent magnet comes into alignment with an electromagnet the electromagnet is de-energized from its first magnetic polarity and is re-energized to the opposite magnetic polarity. This neutralizes the effects of residual magnetism and repels the permanent magnets to also create rotation of the rotors and drive shaft.

Abstract: A magnetographic copier system in which images recorded on a magnetic tape are developed by toner with magnetic properties and where the toner particles are also electrostatically charged. A piece of paper is brought into contact with the tape at a toner transfer station and a first momentary electric field of the proper polarity and orientation is then used to transfer the developed toner images from the tape to paper. The paper and tape segments with the images are then separated and are moved away from the toner transfer station. An electrode external to the transfer station is then used to apply another electric field of the same polarity to the developed toner images on the paper to prevent the toner from being disturbed by the next occurrence of the first electric field for subsequent toner images being transferred to the paper.