Abstract: An apparatus that controls the swinging of a frame (50) and the rotation of a turret (52) in an automatic web rewinding machine. The frame (50) is pivotally mounted in the machine and a turret (52) including a plurality of rotatable mandrel assemblies (56) is mounted for rotation within the frame (50). The control apparatus includes an indexing device (66) having an output shaft (70) that undergoes intermittent rotation in response to continuous rotation of an input shaft (68). One drive means (80), coupled and responsive to the output shaft (70) of the indexing device (66) provides intermittent rotation of the turret (52). A second drive means (78) is provided to control the rotation of the cam (60) in order to minimize the overlap of the rotation of the cam (60) with the dwell time of the turret (52). The optimum condition occurs when the cam (60) rotates only when the turret (52) is indexing and when the cam (60) does not rotate at all while the turret (52) is dwelling.

Abstract: An improved electrographic recording apparatus and method. An electrographic recording medium has a charge retaining front surface on which charge is distributed in a pattern representing a desired image to be recorded, and a field permeable conductive layer. While charge is being deposited on the charge retaining surface of the electrographic medium, a field is established and maintained behind the rear surface of the medium, said field penetrating the conductive layer and having a field strength on the charged side of the medium that opposes a field that causes charge to be deposited on the charge retaining surface of the medium. In another aspect of this invention, the recording apparatus has a toner application station that is located apart from the charge depositing means, and a second field, having the same polarity as the first field, is established and maintained behind the rear surface of the electrographic medium at the toner station.

Abstract: An apparatus for transporting a recording medium, such as transparent electrophotographic film, which has a conductive layer, from a supply to a take-up roll. The apparatus includes a drive roller that has a conductive ring. The conductive layer of the film is maintained at a desired potential, generally ground, and a different potential is applied to the conductive ring of the drive roller. When the film contacts the periphery of the drive roller, an electrostatic attractive force is developed between the conductive ring of the drive roller and the conductive layer of the film, thereby allowing the drive roller to transport the film without slip.

Abstract: An improved electrographic recording apparatus and method. An electrographic recording medium has a charge retaining front surface on which charge is distributed in a pattern representing a desired image to be recorded, and a field permeable conductive layer. While charge is being deposited on the charge retaining surface of the electrographic medium, a field is established and maintained behind the rear surface of the medium, said field penetrating the conductive layer and having a field strength on the charged side of the medium that opposes a field that causes charge to be deposited on the charge retaining surface of the medium. In another aspect of this invention, the recording apparatus has a toner application station that is located apart from the charge depositing means, and a second field, having the same polarity as the first field, is established and maintained behind the rear surface of the electrographic medium at the toner station.

Abstract: A sheet material dispensing apparatus wherein the sheet passes through a nip formed by a drive roller and a pressure roller. A lever is mounted for rotation about a first point and a gear segment is mounted for rotation about a second point. When the lever is rotated, a point or surface on the lever slidingly contacts a point or surface on the gear segment causing the gear segment to rotate through a greater angle than the lever. The teeth of the gear segment are operably engaged with gear means which causes rotation of the drive roller. In another aspect of the invention, the gear means for rotating the drive roller includes a floating gear mounted in a slot that is aligned generally parallel to the teeth of the gear segment and which causes rotation of the drive roller during one direction of travel of the gear segment and is disengaged from the drive roller during the other direction of travel of the lever.

Abstract: An improved electrographic recording system. The system includes a first charging corona for providing a distribution of charge on a surface of a recording medium representing a desired image to be recorded on the medium. The system also includes an automatically controlled second charging corona. A sensor continuously monitors the potential of a conductive layer of the medium and automatically controls the magnitude of the charge deposited by the second charging corona so as to maintain a constant potential at the conductive layer of the medium.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for reducing the density and increasing the bulk of a fibrous web having an initial basis weight between 20 and 60 pounds per ream and an initial nondirectional breaking length between 50 and 500 meters.The web is loosely placed between a pair of wire screens. The screens and the web are then transported past a nozzle assembly that impinges a gaseous medium onto the surface of the web with sufficient velocity so that the fibrous web is decompacted throughout the entire thickness of the web.

Abstract: In an electrostatographic recording member comprising at least:(1) an electrically-insulating substrate;(2) an electrically-conductive intermediate layer overlying a first surface of said substrate; and(3) an electrically-insulating outer layer overlying said conductive layer, said outer layer containing a photoconductive material or being composed of a dielectric material of high volume resistivity;The improvement comprising a combined means for accurately positioning said recording member during imaging thereof and for establishing an electrical ground connection to said intermediate conductive layer, said combined means comprising at least two separate holes through said recording member in a non-image area thereof and a conductive lacquer coating on the inner surface of at least one of said holes, said holes being adapted to receive protrusions during imaging to accurately position said recording member and said conductive lacquer being in electrical contact with the exposed intermediate conductive layer

Abstract: An apparatus for separating a lead pack from a continuously moving file of folded sheet objects such as paper napkins and transferring the pack to a work station. Each pack in the file is identified by a flag which projects a short distance from the file. A flag detector senses that a flag has reached a predetermined point along the path to indicate that the lead pack has advanced into a transfer pan. The flag detector initiates a separation and transfer cycle in which the lead pack is separated from the moving file and the transfer pan containing the lead pack is moved out of the path of the file and adjacent a work station where the pack is moved onto the work station.

Abstract: An apparatus for accurately positioning the end of a web being wound on a roll at a predetermined angle of the roll. An operator sets up in thumbwheel switches a predetermined number representing the additional angular rotation of the roll after the web has been cut at a winding station in order to have the tail of the roll located at a desired predetermined angle at a second station. As the roll is wound, a sensor responds to an index that rotates in synchronism with the roll to provide a signal indicating that the roll is oriented at a known reference angle. A first pulse source generates pulses wherein each pulse represents a known angle of rotation of the roll as the web is being wound on the core. An electronic counter counts the number of pulses generated by the first pulse source between the occurrence of the signal indicating that the web has been cut and the reference angle signal generated by the winding station sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for applying fluid to an intaglio roll for subsequent transfer to a soft, absorbent fibrous web passing in contact with the intaglio roll. The fluid is flowed upwardly through a small unpressurized reservoir extending across the width of the intaglio roll, which forms a confining member of the reservoir, and overflows a second confining member of the reservoir spaced from the intaglio roll. The fluid is flowed into the reservoir with uniform flow velocity profile across the width of the reservoir, created preferably by flowing the fluid against an impingement member prior to entering the reservoir. The intaglio roll is rotated upwardly through the reservoir to establish a first layer of fluid adhering to the roll above the reservoir, and the intaglio roll is rotated past a unique pre-wipe member positioned adjacent the intaglio roll above the reservoir.

Abstract: Disclosed is a web accumulator for accumulating and discharging a reserve portion of a continuous web passing through the accumulator. The accumulator, which is particularly useful for handling weak webs such as sanitary or tissue paper, includes first and second sets of rotatably mounted web rolls, each of which is partially wrapped by the web when the web is looped alternately from a roll of the first set to a roll of the second set in consecutive order. The second set of web rolls is mounted for movement towards and away from the first set of web rolls to discharge and accumulate the reserve portion of the web, and the accumulator preferably includes drive means separate from the web for driving each web roll at the speed of the web passing over it at all times including when it is accumulating or discharging.

Abstract: The method of the invention consists of forming a web of substantially planar-aligned fibers, applying a surface disposition of bonding material to one side of the web to penetrate only part way through the web in order to form a first surface region having the surface bonding material and a central core region free from the surface bonding material and bounded on the side opposite the first surface region by a second surface region, applying a penetrating disposition of bonding material to one side of the web in a fine, spaced-apart pattern which occupies less area in the plane of the web than the surface bonding material in the first surface region and penetrates through the central core region to connect the first and second surface regions together, and creping the web to decrease the fiber concentration in the central core region to less than that in the first surface region.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling the reverse recovery current in a controlled rectifier. The primary winding of a saturable reactor is connected in series with the controlled rectifier. A diode in parallel with a resistor is connected in circuit with the secondary winding of the saturable reactor. The diode is poled to provide a low impedance in the reactor secondary when current flows through the primary winding and through the forward direction of the controlled rectifier. The reverse recovery current of the controlled rectifier flowing through the primary winding of the reactor causes current in the secondary winding to flow in the reverse direction of the diode. The value of the resistor as reflected into the saturable reactor primary circuit limits the magnitude of the reverse recovery current.

Abstract: A thyristor is shunted by a metal oxide varistor in series with switching means which switches abruptly from a normal high-resistance state to a low-resistance, current conducting state when the thyristor is subjected to a transient surge of reverse bias voltage the magnitude of which is higher than a predetermined repetitive peak magnitude and is nearly equal to the level at which the thyristor turns on in an avalanche breakdown mode. The voltage-current characteristic of the varistor is coordinated with the reverse breakdown characteristic of the thyristor so that surge current will divide therebetween in such proportions that the maximum reverse current flowing through the thyristor is lower than a predetermined critical magnitude which can damage the same, whereby the thyristor is able safely to participate in the surge-energy dissipating process.

Abstract: A solid state protective device is disclosed which monitors an electric quantity such as current in a protected circuit and which responds to abnormal conditions by activating a circuit breaker or warning device after a period of time which is related by a non-linear inverse function to the magnitude of the circuit quantity being monitored. The device includes a non-linear function generator, using an operational amplifier to which a relatively low bias signal is supplied, to approximate the non-linear operating characteristics of earlier electromechanical protective devices.

Abstract: A solid state protective device is disclosed which protects electrical apparatus from heat damage due to overcurrents, particularly one which protects electrical generators from damage caused by heat due to excessive negative phase sequence currents. The device includes a novel reset feature such that the time required for the device to take protective action after an overcurrent is detected is reduced by a period of time which is a linear function of the heat remaining in the protected apparatus due to any prior overcurrents.