Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus reduces shading and variations in light intensity and significantly increases light usage during an optical scanning process using a simple construction in which a laser beam from a light source is deflected by a light deflector having a reflective surface and is focused to a spot upon a scanning surface by a scanning lens to thereby perform optical scanning. The light source is arranged to produce a laser beam which includes both P-polarized light and S-polarized light. A direction of polarization of the light source is inclined in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis with respect to both the deflecting direction (the Y-axis direction) and a direction perpendicular to the deflecting direction (Z-axis direction).

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus for optically scanning a surface to be scanned at a constant velocity includes a light source for emitting a light flux, a first optical lens system for coupling the light flux emitted by the light source to a subsequent optical lens system, a second optical lens system for forming the light flux received from the first optical lens system into a line image extending in a direction corresponding to a main scanning direction for the surface to be scanned, an optical deflector for deflecting the light flux formed as the line image via a deflecting reflective plane thereof, which is located near where the line image is formed, and a third optical lens system for condensing the deflected light flux as an optical beam spot on the surface to be scanned.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus performs a print operation by controlling an ink jet recording head to eject ink drops therefrom against front and back surfaces of a recording sheet at a print position. The apparatus includes a transporting mechanism for transporting a portion of the recording sheet to a location outside of the apparatus after a completion of the print operation on the front surface of the recording sheet and just before printing of the back surface of the recording sheet.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus reduces shading and variations in light intensity and significantly increases light usage during an optical scanning process using a simple construction in which a laser beam from a light source is deflected by a light deflector having a reflective surface and is focused to a spot upon a scanning surface by a scanning lens to thereby perform optical scanning. The light source is arranged to produce a laser beam which includes both P-polarized light and S-polarized light. A direction of polarization of the light source is inclined in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis with respect to both the deflecting direction (the Y-axis direction) and a direction perpendicular to the deflecting direction (Z-axis direction).

Abstract: A coupling lens couples a light flux from a light source to form a parallel light flux, a convergent light flux or a divergent light flux. An optical deflector includes a deflective reflection surface which deflects the light flux from the coupling lens at a uniform angular velocity. A scanning image-formation optical system converges the deflected light flux received from the optical deflector on a surface to be scanned to form a beam spot. The device scans the surface to be scanned with the beam spot at a uniform velocity. A depth increasing component, increases the depth of focus determined by the entire optical system of the device, on the optical path between the light source and the deflective reflection surface.

Abstract: An image processing method includes inputting pixels into an input image data buffer. Each input pixel has an original value equal to one of n values representing n density levels. A first transforming step includes a defining step and a determining step. The defining step defines a pixel set including a plurality of non-processed pixels located adjacent to each other in a processed-pixel recording buffer. The determining step determines output pixel values from m values. Each of the output pixel values determined by the determining step is assigned to each non-processed pixel. A second transforming step transforms each of the input pixels to a transformed pixel which has an output pixel value equal to one of m values representing m density levels according to an error diffusion method. A selecting step selects one of resultant values produced by the first and second transforming steps in accordance with an original value of an input pixel currently being processed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recording an image using a transfer-type recording mechanism are such that a layer of an intermediate transfer element is removably formed on a surface of an intermediate transfer medium. The intermediate transfer element includes an ultraviolet stabilizer and a powder mixture. The intermediate transfer layer is capable of being dissolved and swelled by applying an ink liquid on the intermediate transfer medium and enables a viscosity of the ink liquid residing thereon to be increased. An image is produced on the intermediate transfer medium by supplying the ink liquid thereon. The image is then transferred to the recording medium, so that a high quality image is produced without any blurring, mixing or penetration of the ink liquid.

Abstract: A virtual screen display apparatus includes a display arranged to generate display information and having an effective diagonal length DLC and an optical projecting element arranged to receive the display information from the display and to project and form an image, the optical projecting element having an effective F number which is defined by Fe=S1/PuD wherein S1 is a distance between the display and a principal point of the optical projecting element and PuD is a diameter of an exit pupil of the optical projecting element. A field optical element arranged to form an in-space image in a position of a virtual screen and to direct a divergent light flux from the virtual screen to a view region where the image is viewable to an observer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved recovery system for blasting works, comprising a space below a perforated floor of the blasting works for receiving the blast material, and suction channels (21) for leading the blast material from the space below the floor to a classifier by using a blower; the recovery system comprises at least one elongated, substantially horizontal chute (17) opening upwards and arranged into the said space, the chute comprising two side walls (18, 19), and an elongated cover element (20) with two elongated free side edges (22, 23) arranged over the chute; the chute (17) and cover element (20) form between them a discharge channel (21) for the blast material; in addition, the system comprises pneumatic cylinders (26) for moving the cover element (20) in vertical direction between a lower and a raised position so that in the lower position, the side edges (22, 23) of the cover element engage the side walls (18, 19) of the chute and, in the raised position, the side edges (22, 23) of the

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a cationically modified (meth)acrylamide polymer by the Mannich reaction. There is prepared in advance a stable aldehyde-secondary amine adduct, which is obtained as a reaction product of an aqueous solution of the secondary amine and an aqueous solution of the aldehyde, and which, after the formation of the adduct, is stabilized to endure storage, by lowering the pH of the mixture of 7 or below and/or by adding methanol, and the adduct thus prepared is added to an aqueous solution of the (meth)acrylamide polymer and the pH is adjusted to an alkaline level, whereupon modification occurs. The invention also relates to the use of the modified (meth)acrylamide polymer as a flocculation, retention or dewatering agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydrophobising system for paper or a similar fiber product, comprising (1) a ketene dimer, and (2) an alkenyl and/or alkyl succinic acid and/or a salt thereof. The invention additionally relates to a method for hydrophobising paper or a similar fiber product comprising adding a hydrophobising system defined above to fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the bleaching of a mineral pigment or a synthetic pigment, in which process the pigment to be bleached is contacted with a solution which contains peracetic acid in order to obtain a pigment with a raised degree of brightness.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate which is suited for use together with crystalline synthetic silicate-based detergents and is coated with an alkali metal sulfate and a copolymer or terpolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a closure for a can of drink which is made in one piece and can be opened with one hand. Owing to the design of the closure, no supplementary parts are needed in the closure to open the closure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of hydrophobic paper or board by using rosin sizing, an organic complexing agent being used together with the rosin size. The invention also relates to a sizing composition.