Abstract: Phosgenation of carboxylic acids to the corresponding carboxylic acid chlorides in conducted in the presence of a solvent comprising acetonitrile.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds of Formula (XX) and Formula (XXIV), shown below, and processes of making same. ##STR1## wherein p is 0 ##STR2## wherein p is 1, and Y is chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,6-dichloropyrimidine comprising treating 4,6-dihydroxy-pyrimidine with phosgene in the presence of a suitable base and optionally in the presence of a solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula (I), where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; R.sup.7 is halogen, cyano, NO.sub.2, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy or RaS in which Ra is C.sub.1-4 alkyl; R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 independently are hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkoxy, CN, NO.sub.2, phenoxy or substituted phenoxy; R.sub.b S(O)n Om in which m is 0 or 1, n is 0, 1 or 2 and Rb is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, phenyl or benzyl, NHCOR.sub.c in which c is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, NRdRe in which Rd and Re independently are hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; RfC(O)-- in which Rf is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy; SO.sub.2 NRgRh in which Rg and Rh independently are hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; or any two of R.sup.8, R.sup.9 and R.sup.

Abstract: Pyrrolidine-2-thione derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein the variables are as defined in the specification are active as herbicides.

Abstract: A fungicidal compound of formula (I) or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein R is H or CH.sub.3, A is CH or N, and B is OCH.sub.3 or NHCH.sub.3.

Abstract: Herbicidal 5-substituted pyrimidine compounds and derivatives thereof of the formula: ##STR1## Herbicidal compositions containing such 5-substituted pyrimidine compounds and derivatives thereof and methods of controlling undesirable vegetation using these compounds and derivatives are also disclosed. The compounds in which XR is hydroxyl are also useful as intermediates for producing the 5-substituted pyrimidine derivatives of the invention.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of formula IIa or IIb: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently represent hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; andA is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; the process comprising the steps of:(a) reacting a racemic mixture of a compound of formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and A are as defined for formulae IIa and IIb; with a sterically hindered chiral esterifying agent to form enantiomers of formulae IIIa and IIIb: ##STR3## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and A are as defined for formulae IIa and IIb and R.sup.15 is a chiral sterically hindered residue;b) separating the diastereoisomers of formulae IIIa and IIIb; and(c) converting the diastereoisomers of formulae IIIa and IIIb separately to compounds of formulae IIa and IIb respectively by acid or base hydrolysis. If required, the unwanted enantiomer of formula IIa or IIb may be inverted to give the preferred isomer.

Abstract: Herbicidal 4-cycloalkyl-5-substituted pyrimidine compounds of the formula ##STR1## are described. Herbicidal compositions containing such substituted-pyrimidinyl compounds and methods of controlling undesirable vegetation employing these compounds are also disclosed. The compounds in which XR, is hydroxyl are also useful as intermediates for producing the disclosed substituted-pyrimidinyl derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an N-(alkylsulphonyl)amide, the process comprising reacting a primary amide with a sulphonyl halide in the presence of a base which is sufficiently strong to cause at least partial deprotonation of the amide.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: ##STR1## where n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 5; X is halogen, nitro or cyano, or C.sub.1-10 hydrocarbyl or C.sub.1-10 hydrocarbyloxy, either of which may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms;Y is CH.sub.2, O or S; andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent hydrogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 haloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl or halogen;Processes for the preparation of compounds of formula I, herbicidal compositions and methods utilising them are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an oxirane, aziridine or cyclopropane of formula (I) wherein, X is oxygen, NR.sup.4 or CHR.sup.5 ; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaromatic, heterocyclic or cycloalkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaromatic, CO.sub.2 R.sup.8, CHR.sup.14 NHR.sup.13, heterocyclic or cycloalkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 join together to form a cycloalkyl ring; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaromatic, CO.sub.2 R.sup.8, R.sup.8.sub.3 Sn, CONR.sup.8 R.sup.9 or trimethylsilyl; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are, independently, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaromatic, SO.sub.2 R.sup.8, SO.sub.3 R.sup.8, COR.sup.8, CO.sub.2 R.sup.8, CONR.sup.8 R.sup.9 or CN, or R.sup.4 can also be P(O)(aryl).sub.2 ; R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl; R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 are independently hydrogen, alkyl or aryl; the process comprising reacting a mixture of a compound of formula (II), wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and X are as defined above, and a sulphide of formula SR.sup.6 R.

Abstract: Herbicidal compositions containing substituted pyrazole compounds and derivatives thereof of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Y is O or S and Z is a carbon-carbon single bond, O, S, C.dbd.O or C.dbd.N. Methods of controlling undesirable vegetation using these compounds and derivatives are also disclosed. Herbicidal compounds wherein Z is a carbon-carbon single bond, S, C.dbd.O or C.dbd.N are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of tetraethyl methylenebisphosphonate by the reaction of dichloromethane with diethyl phosphite, wherein the reaction is performed in a polar aprotic solvent or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of a compound of general formula II: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;A is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system optionally substituted with one or more substituents as defined herein; and in which any ring nitrogen atom may be quaternised or oxidised;alternatively, any two substituents of the group A may combine to form a fused 5- or 6-membered saturated or partially saturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring in which any carbon or quaternised nitrogen atom may be substituted with any of the groups defined herein for A or in which a ring carbon atom may be oxidised;the process comprising cyclising a compound of general formula VII: ##STR2## wherein A, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined for general formula II, R.sup.20 is hydrogen, benzyl or benzyl substituted with up to five substituents selected from halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, O(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl) or nitro and R.sub.21 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A compatibility agent comprising a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide comprising about 30-80% ethylene oxide and about 20-70% propylene oxide which has been found useful for making pesticidal compositions compatible when combined.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula ##STR1## possessing herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Herbicidal substituted hydroxybenzyl-heteroaryl compounds and derivatives thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group having 2 or 3 ring nitrogen atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaryl group having two ring heteroatoms, one of the ring heteroatoms being nitrogen and the other being sulfur or oxygen. Herbicidal compositions containing such substituted hydroxybenzyl-heteroaryl compounds and derivatives thereof and methods of controlling undesirable vegetation employing these compounds and derivatives are also disclosed. The compounds in which XR is hydroxyl are also useful as intermediates for producing the disclosed substituted hydroxybenzyl-heteroaryl derivatives.

Abstract: Herbicidal substituted hydroxybenzyl-heteroaryl compounds and derivatives thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group having 2 or 3 ring nitrogen atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted 5-membered heteroaryl group having two ring heteroatoms, one of the ring heteroatoms being nitrogen and the other being sulfur or oxygen. Herbicidal compositions containing such substituted hydroxybenzyl-heteroaryl compounds and derivatives thereof and methods of controlling undesirable vegetation employing these compounds and derivatives are also disclosed. The compounds in which XR is hydroxyl are also useful as intermediates for producing the disclosed substituted hydroxybenzyl-heteroaryl derivatives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of general formula II: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbyl or heterocyclyl having 3 to 8 ring atoms, either of which may optionally be substituted; each R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; A is an optionally substituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system; and R.sup.21 is hydrogen, halogen, OH or OCONHR.sup.1, wherein R.sup.1 is as defined above; the process comprising cyclizing a compound of general formula III: ##STR2## wherein A, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.21 are as defined in general formula II and R.sup.25 is a leaving group such as a halogen atom; under basic conditions.