Abstract: The modular chemical analysis system includes a first module or sample preparation apparatus for preparing sample solutions, a second module including a nephelometer apparatus comprising a stationary flow cell, mechanisms for moving sample solutions into and out of the flow cell, light generating means for passing light through the flow cell, electric circuitry for sensing the relative light scattered (R.L.S.) by the solution or particles in the solution in the flow cell and a third module comprising a microprocessing/calculator having a tape cartridge program. The microprocessor is coupled to the nephelometer apparatus (and, if desired, is also coupled to the sample preparation apparatus) for controlling operation of the nephelometer apparatus (and, if desired, to control the sample preparation apparatus). Also, the output from the nephelometer apparatus is coupled to the microprocessor which receives R.L.S. values and known concentration values for some solutions from which R.L.S. values were obtained.

Abstract: An all-channel two mode television tuning system includes a two speed counter for generating channel numbers to adjust tuning. An 82 .times. 1 bit read/write memory is addressed in a program mode by the generated channel numbers to provide locations for storage of signals for tuning to preselected channels. In the operate mode channel numbers are again generated and logic circuitry accesses the memory locations to determine if generated channel numbers correspond to preselected channel numbers. Mode selection means control the two speed counter to provide a faster speed in the operate mode than in the program mode. Channel number generation is automatically stopped in the operate mode when correspondence with a preselected channel number is determined.

Abstract: A signal recognizing television tuning system employing a varactor tuner controlled by a ramp voltage source. A counter sequentially supplies channel number information for changing the ramp voltage until the tuner is tuned to receive only signals falling within a restricted frequency range corresponding to the selected channel number. Signal recognition means stop further advance of the counter upon recognition of a television signal. If no television signal is recognized, the counter is advanced and generates a next sequential channel number. An illegal channel number detector causes the counter to automatically advance to the next channel number whenever a non FCC allocated channel number appears.

Abstract: A television tuning system has a ramp voltage source including an electrical current source and an electrical current sink coupled through selectively operable transmission gates for varying the voltage of a tuning capacitor to control a local oscillator for tuning independent of received signal. The local oscillator signal is mixed with a received signal to produce an intermediate frequency signal which is amplified in an IF amplifier. A frequency detector is coupled to the IF amplifier and produces an error signal dependent upon the frequency difference between a reference frequency and the IF signal. An additional current source and sink are coupled to the tuning capacitor through transmission gates controlled by the error signals. Differences greater than a predetermined amount selectively activate the latter transmission gates to provide substantially constant magnitude tuning voltage corrections irrespective of the amount of the difference.

Abstract: An all channel television varactor diode tuning system has a presettable counter for deriving the number of the receivable television channel by counting pulses indicative of the tuner local oscillator frequency, which is varied by a voltage ramp circuit under the control of a comparator. The derived channel number is supplied to one input of the comparator, and a channel number selector supplies an encoded desired two digit channel number to the other comparator input and to a frequency band decoder. The band decoder supplies signals to establish appropriate preset counts for the counter in accordance with the frequency band. The channel number selector includes a keyboard coupled to a multi-location tens and units memory for encoding and storing desired channel numbers. The keyboard is also coupled to a function/number decoder which distinguishes between digits and controls the state of a flip/flop in decoder circuitry which subsequently controls a units and tens position display device.

Abstract: An all channel television varactor diode tuning system has a presettable counter for deriving the number of the receivable television channel by counting pulses indicative of the tuner local oscillator frequency, which is varied by a voltage ramp circuit under the control of a comparator. The derived channel number is supplied to one input of the comparator, and a channel number selector supplies an encoded desired channel number to the other comparator input and to a frequency band decoder. The band decoder supplies signals to establish appropriate preset counts for the counter in accordance with the frequency band. Malfunction detection circuitry for detecting an improper number of pulses for the presettable counter, when in the low VHF frequency bands, is coupled to the channel number selector and connected through the comparator to force the tuning voltage circuit to drive the varactor in a direction opposite to that indicated by the comparator.

Abstract: A television tuning system employing a varactor tuner in which the local oscillator frequency is time sampled by an asynchronously gated counting system to provide tuning information for a channel number computer. The computer has a presettable modular scaler and presettable units and tens counters to derive the corresponding channel number and a fractional portion of the intrachannel spacing. A comparator is coupled to the channel number computer for comparing the derived channel number information with the desired or input channel number information. A keyboard-selected channel number is encoded and stored in a memory which supplies the information to the comparator and to a decoder display unit for visually displaying the selected channel number. The memory also supplies information to a band decoder which provides band preset information to the channel computer and selectively activates the VHF and UHF tuners.

Abstract: An electronic all-channel television tuning system has a channel number computer including a presettable counter for deriving the number of the receivable television channel by counting, on a continuing sample basis, the tuner local oscillator frequency. The local oscillator frequency is varied by a voltage ramp circuit under the control of a comparator. The derived channel number is supplied to one input of the comparator, and a channel number selector supplies an encoded desired channel number both to the other comparator input and to a decoder for determining the appropriate frequency band in which the signal corresponding to the desired channel number lies. The decoder develops and supplies signals to establish for the presettable counter appropriate preset information corresponding to each of the four disconnected FCC frequency bands.

Abstract: An all-electronic television tuning system has a sequentially accessible multi-position two digit memory coupled to a viewer controlled channel number selection means for providing storage and recall of selected two digit channel numbers in a sequence established by loading selected channel numbers into fifteen of sixteen serial memory locations. The system has program and operate modes, corresponding respectively to storage and recall of channel number information, and the memory has a sixteenth, particular location accessible only in the operate mode for providing immediate all channel tuning control for the viewer irrespective of the pre-programmed channel number sequence.

Abstract: An electronic all channel television tuning system has a presettable counter for deriving the number of the receivable television channel by counting, on a continuing sample basis, the varactor diode tuner local oscillator frequency. The derived channel number is supplied as an input of a comparator which includes separate tens and units channel number comparison sections. A channel number selector supplies an encoded desired channel number to another input of the comparator and to a frequency band decoder which establishes appropriate preset information for the counter. The system local oscillator frequency is varied by a voltage ramp circuit having two pairs of matched current sources and sinks of different capacity for supplying current, through respective transmission gates, to charge or discharge a tuning capacitor at different rates.

Abstract: A method and means for suppressing ozone generated by high pressure xenon arc lamps and similar luminous discharge arc lamps of a type normally generating ozone. The ozone-generating lamp is enclosed in a gas-tight housing having a quartz or sapphire light emission window able to transmit light including ultraviolet. The housing has metal cover plates on its various sides acting as heat sinks, each of which has a large number of external heat-radiating fins. Clearance is provided inside the housing sufficient to cause the ozone formed by short wavelengths to be broken down by thermal contact with the lamp and to be thus converted into stable O.sub.2. The heat generated by the lamp in the housing is transferred to the walls of the housing and is dissipated by the external heat-radiating fins. The inner surfaces of the cover plates are blackened to absorb waste light.