Abstract: The invention provides a variety of bone marrow-shielding tourniquets and methods for using them to perform bone marrow-shielded chemotherapy with or without general and without the need to remove a patient's bone marrow for protection during the procedure. In the invention method, pressure is applied to at least one body part of the patient that contains myelopoietic bone marrow to temporarily occlude arterial flow to the bone marrow while blood circulation through the remainder of the body is maintained. Then an effective amount of at least one myelosuppresive chemotherapeutic agent is administered to the blood circulation in the remainder of the patient while the arterial flow through the at least one body part is occluded and so that the myelosuppresive effect of the agent is substantially dissipated within the maximum safe period for the occlusion of the arterial flow, or about three hours.